Question

Give reason:ammonia is an ionized in the gaseous state but in the aqueous solution,it is a weak electrolyte.

Answer 1

ANSWER}



Ammonia is a compound of nitrogen and hydrogen with the formula NH3. The simplest pnictogen hydride, ammonia, is a colourless gas with a characteristic pungent smell. It is a common nitrogenous waste, particularly among aquatic organisms, and it contributes significantly to the nutritional needs of terrestrial organisms by serving as a precursor to foodand fertilizers. Ammonia, either directly or indirectly, is also a building block for the synthesis of many pharmaceutical products and is used in many commercial cleaning products. It is mainly collected by downward displacement of both air and water. Ammonia is named for the Ammonians, worshipers of the Egyptian god Amun, who used ammonium chloride in their rituals.[10]

Ammonia





NamesIUPAC name

Azane

Other names

Hydrogen nitride

Trihydrogen nitride

Nitrogen trihydride

Identifiers

CAS Number

7664-41-7 

3D model (JSmol)

Interactive image

3DMetB00004

Beilstein Reference

3587154ChEBI

CHEBI:16134 

ChEMBL

ChEMBL1160819 

ChemSpider

217 

ECHA InfoCard100.028.760EC Number231-635-3

Gmelin Reference

79KEGG

D02916 

MeSHAmmonia

PubChem CID

222

RTECS numberBO0875000UNII

5138Q19F1X 

UN number1005

InChI

InChI=1S/H3N/h1H3 

Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 

InChI=1/H3N/h1H3

Key: QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYAF

SMILES

N

Properties

Chemical formula

NH3Molar mass17.031 g/molAppearanceColourless gasOdorstrong pungent odourDensity0.86 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at boiling point)

0.769  kg/m3 (STP)[1]
0.73 kg/m3 (1.013 bar at 15 °C)
681.9 kg/m3 at −33.3 °C (liquid)[2]See also Ammonia (data page)
817 kg/m3 at −80 °C (transparent solid)[3]

Melting point−77.73 °C (−107.91 °F; 195.42 K) (Triple point at 6.060 kPa, 195.4 K)Boiling point−33.34 °C (−28.01 °F; 239.81 K)

Solubility in water

47% w/w (0 °C)
31% w/w (25 °C)
18% w/w (50 °C)[4]Solubilitysoluble in chloroform, ether, ethanol, methanolVapor pressure857.3 kPaAcidity (pKa)32.5 (−33 °C),[5] 10.5 (DMSO)Basicity (pKb)4.75Conjugate acidAmmonium

Magnetic susceptibility (χ)

-18.0·10−6 cm3/mol

Refractive index (nD)

1.3327Viscosity0.276 cP (−40 °C)Structure

Point group

C3v

Molecular shape

Trigonal pyramid

Dipole moment

1.42 DThermochemistry

Std molar
entropy (So298)

193 J·mol−1·K−1[6]

Std enthalpy of
formation (ΔfHo298)

−46 kJ·mol−1[6]HazardsSafety data sheetSee: data page
ICSC 0414 (anhydrous)GHS pictograms[7]

GHS hazard statements

H221, H280, H314, H331, H400[7]

GHS precautionary statements

P210, P261, P273, P280, P305+351+338, P310[7]NFPA 704



1

3

0

Flash pointflammable gas

Autoignition
temperature

651 °C (1,204 °F; 924 K)Explosive limits15–28%Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC):

LD50 (median dose)

0.015 mL/kg (human, oral)

LC50 (median concentration)

40,300 ppm (rat, 10 min)
28595 ppm (rat, 20 min)
20300 ppm (rat, 40 min)
11590 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
7338 ppm (rat, 1 hr)
4837 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)
9859 ppm (rabbit, 1 hr)
9859 ppm (cat, 1 hr)
2000 ppm (rat, 4 hr)
4230 ppm (mouse, 1 hr)[8]

LCLo (lowest published)

5000 ppm (mammal, 5 min)
5000 ppm (human, 5 min)[8]US health exposure limits (NIOSH):[9]

PEL (Permissible)

50 ppm (25 ppm ACGIH- TLV; 35 ppm STEL)

REL (Recommended)

TWA 25 ppm (18 mg/m3) ST 35 ppm (27 mg/m3)

IDLH (Immediate danger)

300 ppmRelated compounds

Other cations

Phosphine
Arsine
Stibine

Related nitrogen hydrides

Hydrazine
Hydrazoic acid

Related compounds

Ammonium hydroxideSupplementary data page

Structure and
properties

Refractive index (n),
Dielectric constant (εr), etc.

Thermodynamic
data

Phase behaviour
solid–liquid–gas

Spectral data

UV, IR, NMR, MS

Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).

 verify (what is  ?)Infobox references

Although common in nature and in wide use, ammonia is both caustic and hazardous in its concentrated form. It is classified as an extremely hazardous substance in the United States, and is subject to strict reporting requirements by facilities which produce, store, or use it in significant quantities.[11]

The global industrial production of ammonia in 2014 was 176 million tonnes,[12] a 16% increase over the 2006 global industrial production of 152 million tonnes.[13]Industrial ammonia is sold either as ammonia liquor (usually 28% ammonia in water) or as pressurized or refrigerated anhydrous liquid ammonia transported in tank cars or cylinders.[14]

NH3 boils at −33.34 °C (−28.012 °F) at a pressure of one atmosphere, so the liquid must be stored under pressure or at low temperature. Household ammonia or ammonium hydroxide is a solution of NH3 in water. The concentration of such solutions is measured in units of the Baumé scale (density), with 26 degrees baumé (about 30% (by weight) ammonia at 15.5 °C or 59.9 °F) being the typical high-concentration commercial product.[15]

Natural occurrence