Question

Give reasons
A.Allways vasopressin is not secreted.
B.When urine is discharged, in beginning it is acidic in nature later it become alkaline.
C. Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole.
D.Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter?

Answer 1

Explanation:

Urine is discharged as alkaline because Cowper Gland,Bulbourethal Gland and other glands near the urinogenital duct secrets mucus and alkaline fluid to make it basic in nature.

Answer 2

A. Always vasopressin is not secreted.

• Vasopressin is an anti-diuretic hormone which works only when the excess of urea is being detected.

• This works as a mechanism for water retention and thus, it is secreted only when there is less amount of water in the body.

B. When urine is discharged, in beginning it is acidic in nature later it become alkaline.

• Initially, the urine becomes acidic because of the "secretion of H+ ions" by the renal tubules into blood plasma.

• Thereafter, "bile salts" and other alkaline substances are secreted into the fluid, which makes it alkaline in nature.

C. Diameter of afferent arteriole is bigger than efferent arteriole.

• Diameter of the afferent arteriole is larger than that of efferent arteriole because the efferent arteriole being the one with the lesser diameter prevents the back flow of the blood to the glomeruli hence creating a pressure which helps in the easy filtration process.

D. Urine is slightly thicker in summer than in winter

• The human body tends to perspire more during summers.

• Thus, in order to maintain the fluid balance in the body, more water is secreted and more of its reabsorption takes place resulting in the concentrated and viscous urine.