give reasons:
(i)environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams. (ii) most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
Answers
i) Dams help in creating hydroelectric power, which solves the energy problems of a region. They also help farmers as the water released from dams is used for irrigation. However, dams have a negative impact on the environment as well. They adversely affect the surrounding ecosystems by destroying the local flora and fauna, by displacing the local community, by changing the natural course of rivers, etc. Therefore, before a dam is built at a site, it should be ascertained whether its benefits justify the damages that it would inevitably cause to the various ecosystems. If they do justify, then steps should be taken to minimise the damages to the flora and fauna, and to relocate the local community. But if they don’t, then environmental conservation should be given the priority over the building of the dam. (ii) Coal is the most abundant fossil fuel. It is widely used as a source of energy. It is also used as a raw material in several industries. Most industries are located around coal mines as being situated close to coal mines proves to be cost effective. Coal can easily be transported from the mines to the industries, and this reduces both time and cost of transportation. (iii)The term “black gold” is used with reference to petroleum and its various derivatives. The word “black” refers to the colour of petroleum in its crude form. The word “gold” implies that petroleum and all the various products of petroleum (like diesel, petrol, kerosene, wax, plastics and lubricants) are as valuable to human society as the metal gold. (iv) Quarrying is an extraction process by which minerals lying near the Earth’s surface are dug out. This process can adversely affect the environment in different ways. The digging involves clearing of vegetation. This destroys the top soil, which contains the humus required for plant growth. The quarrying process involves the use of explosives and earth-moving equipments. These cause noise pollution, and may also damage nearby buildings, dams or other such structures. The dust generated during quarrying and the fossil fuels burnt while operating the equipments contribute to air pollution, which in turn affects the health of the miners and the local population.
Give reasons:
(i) environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
(ii) most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
(i) environmental aspects must be carefully looked into before building huge dams.
Reasons :
The environmental steps should be taken into account before building a large dam because the surrounding village and forest area have to be cleared for the construction of a large dam. Due to this, the people of the surrounding villages have to be displaced, due to which their livelihood and housing are snatched away. They should be adequately rehabilitated. Apart from this, the habitat of the animals of the surrounding forest area is also taken away and the environment is affected. The river over which huge dams are built also has an impact on the aquatic system, and there is a possibility of deteriorating the balance of the environment, so all kinds of environmental aspects should be kept in mind at the time of construction of the big dam.
(ii) most industries are concentrated around coal mines.
Reasons :
Most of the coal industries are located near coal mines because coal is a major source of energy. The location of industries near coal mines reduces the cost of transporting coal and makes coal more easily available as energy for running industries. For this reason, most of the industries are located near coal mines.
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