Question

Give the important features of division Bryophyta.

Answer 1

Classification of Bryophytes:

According to the latest recommendations of ICBN (International Code of Botanical Nomenclature), bryophytes have been divided into three classes.

1. Hepaticae ( Hepaticopsida = Liverworts)

2. Anthocerotae (Anthocertopsida= Hornworts)

3. Musci (Bryopsida= Mosses)

Class 1. Hepaticae or Hepaticopsida:

1. Gametophytic plant body is either thalloid or foliose. If foliose, the lateral appendages (leaves) are without mid-rib. Always dorsiventral.

2. Rhizoids without septa.

3. Each cell in the thallus contains many chloroplasts; the chloroplasts are without pyrenoi.

4. Sex organs are embedded in the dorsal surface.

5. Sporophyte may be simple (e.g., Riccia) having only a capsule, or differentiated into root, seta and capsule (e.g., Marchantia, Pallia and Porella etc.)

6. Capsule lacks columella.

7. It has 4 orders:

(i) Calobryales

(ii) Jungermanniales

(iii) Spherocarpales

(iv) Marchantiales.

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Answer 2

1. Bryophytes grow in damp and shady places.

2. They follow heterologous haplodiplobiontic type of life cycle.

3. The dominant plant body is gametophyte on which sporophyte is semiparasitic for its nutrition.