Question

Give the Physical Properties of Haloalkanes

Answer 1

# haloalkanes are those in which is the a hydrogen of hydrocarbon is replaced with a halogen.

# colourless in its pure state
# high melting point
# high boiling point
# density increase with increase in number of carbon and halogen derivative.
# slightly soluble in water

Answer 2

Physical Properties of

Haloalkanes

$\rule{200}2$

1. Boiling point -

• As the length of the carbon chain increases, surface area increase, vanderwaal force increases. So, boiling point increases.
• Haloalkanes have high boiling point than their parent hydrocarbon because between haloalkanes strong dipole-dipole forces present.
• From fluoride to chloride; surface area increases, vanderwaal force increases. So, boiling point also increases.
• With branching surface area decreases, vanderwaal force decreases. So, boiling point also decreases.
• Para-isomers have high melting point than the ortho and meta-isomer because para-isomers are symmetrical and have close packing.

→ Note:- Boiling point increase with the increase in carbon chain but decrease with increase in branching.

2. State -

• As the number of carbon increases, the surface area increases, vanderwaal force increases. So, they convert from gas to liquid and then liquid to solid.

3. Polarity -

• Haloalkanes are polar due to the presence of more electro-negative halogens, even though they are insoluble in water. Because alkyl halide make dipole-dipole force with water, which is weaker than Hydrogen bond present between water molecules.

4. Density -

• Haloalkanes are heavier or denser than parent hydrocarbon as well as water.