Question

Give the practical applications of total internal reflection.

Answer 1

Total internal reflection is the operating principle of optical fibers, which are used in endoscopes and telecommunications. Total internal reflection is the operating principle of automotive rain sensors, which control automatic windscreen/windshield wipers.

Answer 2

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Answer:


The phenomenon of total internal reflection is made use of in a number of optical instruments. Moreover, it can be used in explaining many daily life observations as discussed below:


1). Totally Reflecting Prisms:

An isosceles right angled glasd prism having angles 45° - 90° - 45° can be used to deviate a ray of light through 90° or 180°. Such a glass prism deviate the ray of light through 90° or 180° making use of the phenomenon of total internal reflection and likewise such prisms are called totally reflecting prisms.


2). Mirage:

It is an optical illusion observed in deserts and coal-tarred roads on a hot day. The object such as a tree appears inverted and the observer gets the impression as if the inverted image has been formed by a pool of water. This phenomenon is called Mirage.


Due to intense heat, the surface of earth becomes quite hot and the temperature of air near the surface of earth is maximum. The temperature of the other layers of the gas on decreasing as one goes up. Therefore, density as well as refractive index of the air increases slightly for higher layers.


3). Optical Fibres:


In 1870, John Tyndall, a British physicist, demonstrated that light could be made to follow curved path along a thin stream of water coming out of water tank. This effect was made use of in illuminated fountains.

Optical fibres are used to transmit light from one place to other along curved path in a more effective manner. The optical fibres consists of thousands of strands of a very fine quality glass or quartz of refractive index. The thickness of a strand is about (10^-6) cm.

The strands are coated with layer of some material of lower refractive index. The ends of the strands are polished a d clamped firmly after aligning them carefully.




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