Give two reasons why do children of 1-5 yrs develop PEM? Name two diseases such children are prone to suffer from.
Answers
Answer:
Reasons why children 1 - 5 years develop PEM:
1) Low dietary protein intake
2) Excessive intake of fad diet
3) Ignoring nutritional needs of children
Diseases that such children are prone to suffer from:
- Diarrhea
- Malaria
- sepsis
- Severe anaemia
- HIV
- Bronchopneumonia
- Tuberculosis
- Chronic suppurative otitis media
- Rickets
- Keratomalacia.
Explanation:
PEM stands for protein energy malnutrition. These are pathological conditions that are caused by lack of dietary protein and calorie intake.
PEM may present either as marasmus or kwashiokor. Marasmus is lack of caloric (protein energy intake) while kwashiokor is the lack of dietary protein intake.
Protein energy malnutrition can also be caused by protein wasting that results from conditions such as chronic cancer cachexia and chronic kidney disease.
Answer:
The term protein-energy malnutrition (PEM)is actually a group of related disorders that include marasmus, kwashiorkor, and intermediate states of marasmus-kwashiorkor. Children with kwashiorkor have nutritional edema and metabolic disturbances, including hypoalbuminemia and hepatic steatosis, whereas marasmus is characterized by severe wasting. The causes of marasmus are an adaptive response to starvation, whereas kwashiorkor is caused by a maladaptive response to starvation. Children may also have both marasmus and kwashiorkor or have milder forms of malnutrition.
Resulting diseases can be stunted growth and mental apathy