Give two similarities and two differences in the treatment of conscientious objectors by the authorities during the First and Second World Wars.
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Answer:
A conscientious objector is an "individual who has claimed the right to refuse to perform military service"[1] on the grounds of freedom of thought, conscience, or religion.[2]
In some countries, conscientious objectors are assigned to an alternative civilian service as a substitute for conscription or military service. Some conscientious objectors consider themselves pacifist, non-interventionist, non-resistant, non-aggressionist, anti-imperialist, antimilitarist or philosophically stateless (not believing in the notion of state).
On March 8, 1995, the United Nations Commission on Human Rights resolution 1995/83 stated that "persons performing military service should not be excluded from the right to have conscientious objections to military service".[3] This was re-affirmed in 1998, when resolution 1998/77 recognized that "persons [already] performing military service may develop conscientious objections".[4][5][6][7] A number of organizations around the world celebrate the principle on May 15 as International Conscientious Objection Day.[8] The term has also been extended to objecting to working for the military–industrial complex due to a crisis of conscience.[9]