Givenchy two pair if isotope
Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
Isotopes differ in the number of neutrons in their nuclei. For very light elements like H the differences in atomic weight are relatively significant. So if transfer of a hydride or proton is a rate-limiting step in some kinetic process, then the mass of the nucleus can have a measurable effect. This 'kinetic isotope effect' can be used to tease out mechanisms of some chemical reactions, esp. the mechanisms of enzyme catalysis. In the realm of physics, the neutron/proton ratio determines the net spin of a nucleus, with 2 consequences. First, nuclear spin determines if that nucleus is a fermion or boson, with consequences esp. at low temperatures (eg. He-3 vs He-4). Another significant effect is seen in the presence of a strong magnetic field. In this case, nuclei with different spin states possess different energies. Absorption of EM radiation (in the RF-uWave frequencies) causes the nuclei in the lower energy state to 'flip' to the higher state. They will spontaneously return to the original state, emitting the rf energy they previously absorbed. Different isotopes can differ significantly in the way their spins couple with EM fields, an effect that NMR spectroscopy, MRI imaging and similar technics make use of.