Gold nanoparticles as nucleation centers for amyloid fibrillation
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The aggregation of proteins into amyloid fibrils is related to more than 30 diseases, including the most common neurodegenerative conditions. Amyloid fibrillation is a nucleation-dependent polymerization reaction where monomeric protein first assembles into oligomers that in turn serve as nuclei for fibril formation. Recently, nanoparticles of various compositions and sizes have been investigated as nucleation centers for amyloid fibrillation. The interaction of nanoparticles with amyloid proteins can generate intermediate structures able to accelerate or inhibit fibrillation, and therefore, they constitute a tool to control and manipulate amyloid fibrillation which may be the key to elucidate molecular mechanisms or to devise therapies. In this chapter, we first give a general overview about the use of nanoparticles as artificial nucleation centers for amyloid aggregation, and then we focus on gold nanoparticles providing detailed protocols for their functionalization and use in amyloid fibrillation assays.
1. Amyloid fibrillation as a nucleation and growth polymerization.
2. Nanoparticles as nucleation centers. 3. Unique properties of gold nanoparticles.
4. Fabrication and surface modification of gold nanoparticles.
5. Amyloid aggregation assays with gold nanoparticles.
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