good afternoon.,.....✌️✌️✌️., plz give conclusion of Rutherford's model
Answers
Answer:
Conclusion of Rutherford's scattering experiment:
Most of the space inside the atom is empty because most of the α-particles passed through the gold foil without getting deflected. Very few particles were deflected from their path, indicating that the positive charge of the atom occupies very little space.
☞ Rutherford's Model - 1 ☜
Name
- Rutherford scattering
Presenter
- Rutherford
Propose time
- 1909
Applied Discipline
- Nuclear physics
Scope of application
- Detect heavy metal impurities in the semiconductor.
★ Conclusion
The experiment yielded unexpected results. Most of the alpha particles move in the original direction after passing through the gold foil. A few of the particles have a large deflection, and a few particles have a deflection angle of more than 90 degrees, and some are even rebounded, the deflection angle is almost reached 180 degree.
- This phenomenon is called the scattering of alpha particles.
The large-angle scattering phenomenon of the particles generated in the experiment surprised Rutherford, because this requires a strong interaction force. Unless most of the mass and charge of the atom are concentrated on a small nucleus, the large-angle scattering Is impossible.
Large-angle scattering cannot be explained by the accidental accumulation of small-angle scattering, so it cannot be explained by the popular Thomson atomic model at the time. Rutherford once said that this was the most surprising event he encountered in his life, "It was almost like firing a 15-inch cannonball, hitting it on a piece of thin paper, and being hit back The same.
☞ Rutherford's Model - 2 ☜
Name
- Rutherford atomic model
Also known as
- Atomic solar system model
- Atomic planet model
Type
- A model of atomic structure
Presenter
- Rutherford
Propose time
- 1911
Rutherford tested the alpha particles reflected in his ' experiments , and then carefully measured the total number of alpha particles reflected. Measurements show that under their experimental conditions, one alpha particle is reflected back for every eight thousand alpha particles incident.
Thomson's solid charged ball atom model and the scattering theory of charged particles can only explain the small-angle scattering of α particles, but cannot explain the large-angle scattering. Multiple scattering can get large angle scattering, but the calculation results show that the probability of multiple scattering is extremely small, which is too far away from the observation result that one of the eight thousand alpha particles reflected back.
The Thomson atom model cannot explain α-particle scattering. Rutherford carefully calculated and compared it and found that large angles are possible when α-particles pass through a single atom only if they assume that the positive charges are concentrated in a small area scattering.
In other words, the positive charge of the atom must be concentrated in a small nucleus in the center of the atom.
On the basis of this assumption, Rutherford further calculated some laws of α scattering and made some inferences. These inferences were quickly confirmed by a series of beautiful experiments by Geiger and Marsden .
Rutherford's atomic model is like a solar system, with positively charged nuclei like the sun, and negatively charged electrons like planets orbiting the sun. In this "solar system", the force that governs them is the electromagnetic interaction force . He explained that the positively charged matter in the atoms is concentrated on a very small core, and the vast majority of the atomic mass is also concentrated on this very small core. When alpha particles are shot directly at the core of the atom, they may be bounced back. This satisfactorily explains the large angle scattering of alpha particles. Rutherford published a famous paper "Scattering of Matter on α and β Particles and Principle Structure.