graph of probability of finding the 1s electron of hydrogen vs distance from the nucleus
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The hydrogen ground-state wave function is:
ψ(r)=1π−−√a3/20e−r/a0
Since the ground state is spherically symmetric, the probability of finding the electron in a thin spherical shell element dV is just the square of the wave function (i.e. the probability density) multiplied by dV:
|ψ(r)|2dV=[1πa30e−2r/a0]4πr2dr
To get the probability from zero to the Bohr radius, just integrate the probability over that region:
∫0a04a30e−2r/a0r2dr
which you can solve using integration by parts, or by just plugging it into Wolfram Alpha.
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