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Answer 1

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Q1. What is atmospheric pressure ? What is the cause of atmospheric pressure ?

Q2. Explain why atmospheric pressure decreases as we go higher up above the earth's surface.

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Answer 1.

Atmospheric pressure is the pressure exerted by the weight of atmosphere on the earth's surface.

Atmospheric pressure is caused by :—

The gravitational attraction of the planet on the atmospheric gases above the surface, and is a function of the mass of the planet, the radius of the surface, and the amount and composition of the gases and their vertical distribution in the atmosphere.

Answer 2.

• The pressure at any level in the atmosphere may be interpreted as the total weight of the air above a unit area at any elevation. At higher elevations, there are fewer air molecules above a given surface than a similar surface at lower levels.

• For example, there are fewer molecules above the 50 km surface than are found above the 12 km surface, which is why the pressure is less at 50 km.

• What this implies is that atmospheric pressure decreases with increasing height. Since most of the atmosphere's molecules are held close to the earth's surface by the force of gravity, air pressure decreases rapidly at first, then more slowly at higher levels.

• Since more than half of the atmosphere's molecules are located below an altitude of 5.5 km, atmospheric pressure decreases roughly 50% (to around 500 mb) within the lowest 5.5 km.

• Above 5.5 km, the pressure continues to decrease but at an increasingly slower rate.

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