heavier bromine vapours move upwards into air particles against gravity . explain this observation briefly.
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The answer is in the very next statement, “Such a phenomenon is due to the fact that gas particles are moving at random with very high velocities”.
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential). The moving molecules are self-propelled by thermal energy.
The gas particles are of course affected by gravity. However, since the gas atoms have high kinetic energy (proportional to the temperature) the molecules of the gas are continuously jostling around because of thermal excitations. It turns out that the bouncing around of molecules due to thermal excitations is incredibly stronger than the effect of gravity on the molecules (remember gravitational force being the weakest in the universe?).
So gravity on each individual atom is basically negligible, and the particles essentially diffuse in every random direction, including upwards against gravity.
Diffusion is the net movement of molecules or atoms from a region of high concentration (or high chemical potential) to a region of low concentration (or low chemical potential). The moving molecules are self-propelled by thermal energy.
The gas particles are of course affected by gravity. However, since the gas atoms have high kinetic energy (proportional to the temperature) the molecules of the gas are continuously jostling around because of thermal excitations. It turns out that the bouncing around of molecules due to thermal excitations is incredibly stronger than the effect of gravity on the molecules (remember gravitational force being the weakest in the universe?).
So gravity on each individual atom is basically negligible, and the particles essentially diffuse in every random direction, including upwards against gravity.
mathematics1011:
thanks
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