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Answer 1

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here is your answer !!!



a ) twinkling of star :-

twinkling of stars is due to atmospheric refraction.

due to atmospheric refraction of light by different layer of air there is variation in refractive indexes.


at the light from a star enter into upper most layer of atmosphere it bends towards the normal and again if enter into Next Layer.


this process is continue till when the light reaches into our eyes.




b ) rainbow formation :- Rainbow is form by Dispersion of light.

ranbow is formed by total internal reflection.


when sunlight falls on a water droplet then the sunlight is reflected.
the refracted sunlight is split into constituent colour and if divided into seven colours.


in this discourse in The Water droplet in air behaves like as a glass prism .




the red colour is divert least and voilet divert most .

the condition required for observing a rainbow is :-

we can observe Rainbow always opposite side of sun.


there must be total internal reflection take place


ok !!

this will be going to long if I going to describe so I quit !!


c ) advanced sunrise and sunset:- this process take place because due to Horizon .


actual sunset when it is below the horizon in evening. the Ray of light from the sun below the horizontal each into our eyes of reflection of light.


so that these ray apper to come from the Apparent position of Sun which is Above The Horizon.


similarly in the case of sunset.






4 ) different colour of a sky :-
when the sun light enter into Earth atmosphere the atoms or molecules of gases present in atmosphere are scattered these lights


the wavelength of red colour is greater than wavelength of other colour in sunlight so red colour is scattered least .


and the violet and blue colour is a scatter most.



so due to a scattering of light in a sky sky appears blue



★. at the time of sunset and sunrise the sun is red because sunlight Prafful longer distance through the atmosphere before reaching in our eyes so that a scattering of blue light is more than the scattering of red light.



as the result red colour is a scatter most and the violet and blue colour is a scatter lace so that at the time of sunset and sunrise the colour of sky is red.




hope it helps you dear friend !!!



thanks !!