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BANKING OF ROAD...✔✔
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Answers
Banking of roads is defined as the phenomenon in which the edges are raised for the curved roads above the inner edge to provide the necessary centripetal force to the vehicles so that they take a safe turn. ... The angle at which the vehicle is inclined is defined as the bank angle.
Explanation:
The phenomenon of raising outer edge of the curved road above the inner edge is to provide necessary centripetal force to the vehicles to take a safer turn and the curved road is called Banking of Roads.
When a vehicle goes round a curved road, it requires some centripetal force. While rounding the curve, the wheels of the vehicle have a tendency to leave the curved path and regain the straight line path. Force of friction between wheels and the roads opposes this tendency of the wheels. This force of friction therefore, acts towards the centre of circular track and provides the necessary centripetal force.
R1 + R2 = mg
Let F1 & F2 are forces of frictions between tyre and road directed towards centre of curved road.
∴ F1 = μ R1
And
F2 = μ R2
where μ is coefficient of friction between tyres and road.
If ‘v’ is the velocity of the vehicle while rounding the curve, the centripetal force required is mv²/r. As this force is provided by the force of friction.
In the above discussion, we see that the maximum permissible velocity with which a vehicle can go round a level curved road depends on μ, the coefficient of friction between tyres and road. The value of μ decreases when road is wet or extra smooth or tyres of the vehicle are worn out. Thus force of friction is not a reliable source for providing the required centripetal force to the vehicle. Especially in hilly areas where the vehicle has to move constantly along the curved track, the maximum speed at which it can run will be very low. If any attempt is made to run it at a greater speed, the vehicle is likely to skid and go out of track. In order that the vehicle can go round the curved track at a reasonable speed without skidding, the sufficient centripetal force is managed for it by raising the outer edge of the track a little above the inner edge. It is called banking of the circular track or Banking of Roads.
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