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Answers
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ANSWER
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ANS 1:-
The political conditions of Europe as follows :-
(i) The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe.
(ii) In most countries, there were more job seekers than employment. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
(iii) Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine made goods from England, where industrialisation was more advanced than on the continent.
ANS 2:-
I) A belief in the absolute value of human personality and spiritual equality of the individual;
II) A belief in the autonomy of the individual will;
III) A belief in the essential rationality and goodness of man;
IV) A belief in certain inalienable rights of the individual, particularly, the rights of life, liberty and property;
V) That state comes into existence by mutual consent for the purpose of protection of rights.
ANS 3:-
He was a prominent figure in liberal nationalism and was an Italian revolutionary. He inspired the youth of Italy with nationalist ideas.
ANS 4:-
Consequences of the Movement:
i)Liberal movements were crushed by the Conservatives
ii)old order could not be restored
iii)monarchs realized the importance of granting concessions to the liberal revolutionaries
ANSWER 5:-
Mazzini was a relentless opposer of monarchy and he had a vision of democratic republic which frightened the conservatives. Thus he describes him as 'the most dangerous enemy of our social order'.
ANS 6:-
=>Marianne :
Marainne is an allegory of France. " Marainne " is a popular Christian name , which underlined the idea of a people's nation. Her characterstics were drawn from those of liberty and the republic - the red cap, the tri - colour, the cokade.
Statues of Marainne were erected in the public squares to remind the public of the national symbol of unity and to persuade them identify with it.
Germania :
Its characterstics is :
∆ Broken chains signifies that being freed
∆ Breastplate with eagle signifies of German Empire i.e strength
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HOPE THIS WILL HELP YOU PLEASE MARK IT AS BRAINLIST AND GIVE THANKS TOO.
1.
The political conditions of Europe as follows :
(i) The first half of the nineteenth century saw an enormous increase in population all over Europe.
(ii) In most countries, there were more job seekers than employment. Population from rural areas migrated to the cities to live in overcrowded slums.
(iii) Small producers in towns were often faced with stiff competition from imports of cheap machine made goods from England, where industrialisation was more advanced than on the continent.
(iv) In these regions of Europe where the aristocracy still enjoyed power, peasants struggled under the burden of feudal dues and obligations.
(v) The rise of food prices or a year of bad harvest led to widespread pauperism in town and country.
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2.
a. The concept of liberalism is very broad and comprehensive.
b. The ideology became popular in the early 19th century.The term ‘liberalism’ is derived from the Latin word liber, meaning free.
c. For the new middle classes liberalism stood for freedom for the individual and equality of all before the law.
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3.
ᴀ) He inspired the youth of Italy with nationalist ideas.
ʙ) Mazzini founded secret societies like Young Italy in Marseilles and Young Europe in Berne to engage youth in the revolutionary activities.
ᴄ) He was sent to exile in 1931 for attempting a revolution in Ligunia.
ᴅ)He played an important role in awakening of the spirit of nationalism in ɪᴛᴀʟy
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4.
i)Liberal movements were crushed by the Conservatives
ii)old order could not be restored
iii)monarchs realized the importance of granting concessions to the liberal revolutionaries
iv)serfdom and bonded labour was abolished
v)Hungarians weer granted more autonmy in 1867.
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5.
1. from the age of 24 he was active participant in revolutionries activities.
2. he was also sent to exile for attemting a revolution in liguria.
3. he found a secreat society " YOUNG ITALY " in marsellies. and " YOUND EUROPE " in berna.
4. he has also played an imp role in german unification.
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6.
Marianne and Germania were the female allegories of France and Germany.
They stood as personifications of the ‘Republic’ and ‘Liberty’.
They were portrayed that they gave the abstract idea of a nation in a concrete form.
They would establish a sense of nationality in the citizens of these countries.
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