Question

✔✔Hey guys another question for u all.
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✔✔What are PRECONCEPTIONS and why they occur?? Elaborate.

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searching for a looooooooooong and good answer..

Answer 1

Definition
Preconceptions are generally defined as opinions or conceptions formed in advance of “true” knowledge or experience. Thus, preconceptions can be considered also as prejudices or biases in forming scientific concepts. From the perspective of cognitive psychology, preconceptions can be defined as learner’s biased schemas of objects and phenomena.
Theoretical Background :
From a constructivist point of view, learning science consists, to a large extent, in developing mental models and schemas of the world of objects and phenomena. Various theoretical approaches were developed that start from a common point of argumentation: solving any problem supposes to build a mental representation of the elements of this problem, and learners’ representations can be quite different of expected ones. di Sessa (1993), for instance, argues that learners build representations from phenomenological primitives (p-prims). In accordance with this argumentation, Galili and Hazan (2000) analyzed manifestations of general p-prims in specific facets of knowledge produced by learners to solve various tasks in optics. They found some coherence between these facets and concluded that learners develop “common core explanatory patterns […] for addressing different settings” in a specific domain. Furthermore, they studied the evolution of these schemes and concluded that conceptual change is a very progressive process, consisting in disparition, addition, change of facets of knowledge.

Other researchers adopt an ontological approach and study the ontology of objects and events, using declarative rather than solving problems methodologies. In such an approach, ontological categories can be considered as stable, and learning as a jump of objects and events from one ontological category to another one. However, it should be noticed that this approach has been refuted by some research results which showed the evolution of preconceptions appearing a slow and gradual process and not as a sudden jump (Mazens and Lautrey 2003).

Finally, other researchers are more interested in general structures of reasoning. For example, Viennot (2003) studied manifestations of causal reasoning in various contexts and suggested experimental designs and questions to help students to get conscious of the limits of their ways of reasoning.

Answer 2

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нєяє'ѕ υя αиѕωєя ∂єαя:-)

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➡️Preconception is the time during which many couples plan their pregnancy. During this time, evaluate and make changes to your lifestyle and diet that can help increase your chances of getting pregnant. For example, you should take folic acid, get plenty of exercise, and discuss any health concerns with your healthcare provider.


➡️ Preconception is a very exciting time for you and your partner, as you have decided to take the next step in your relationship by planning for a baby! There are several things that you can do during this preconception period, including:

▶️Take folic acid

▶monitor your diet

▶️make lifestyle adjustments

▶️address health issues

▶️ begin fertility planning.

Also, if you are thinking about getting pregnant, or you are able to get pregnant, try to take care of your health as much as you can. Keep in mind that one-half of all pregnancies are not planned, and women often don't realize that they are pregnant during the first couple of weeks. These are good reasons why you should always take care of your health. Your baby is counting on you for the best start at life.

 
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