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Explain the methods for artificial vegetative propagation???
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Answers
Answer:
Explanation:
ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION
Artificial vegetative propagation is the deliberate production of new plants from parts of old plants by humans. This can be done by following three methods:
1. Cutting
2. Layering
3. Grafting
Cutting
The part of the plant which is removed by cutting it from the parent plant is called a ‘cutting’. In this method one year old stem of root is cut from a distance of 20 to 30 cm. and is buried in the moist soil in natural position. After sometime, roots develop from this cutting and it grows into a new plant. This method is commonly used in rose and sugar cane.
Layering
This method of vegetative propagation is used in those plants whose soft branches occur near the ground such as jasmine plant. In this method, a branch of the plant which is near to the ground is pulled towards the ground and a part of this branch is covered with moist soil leaving the tip of this branch above the ground.
After sometime, roots develop from that part of the branch which was buried in the soil. This branch is then cut of along with the roots from the parent plant and develops into a new plant. This method of asexual reproduction is also used in the production of plants such as Bougainvillea, jasmine, guava, strawberries, lemon, China rose etc.
Grafting
In this method of vegetative propagation the stems of two different plants are joined together so as to produce a new plant containing the characters of both plants. Out of the two plants one plant has a strong root system while the other has a better flower or fruit yield. The plant of which the root system is taken is called ‘stock’, while the other plant of which the shoot is selected is known as ‘scion’ or ‘graft’.. These two stems i.e. the stock and the scion are fitted together by making slanting cuts in them and bound tightly with a piece of cloth and is covered with a polythene sheet.
While joining the scion with the stock care should be taken that the diameter of the stock and scion chosen for grafting should be equal. Scion gets the mineral and water from the soil through the stock and develops branches and produce fruits.
This method of propagation is used in mango, apple, rose, banana, pear, grape, pineapple and peach.
HELLO FRIEND
ARTIFICIAL VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION INCLUDES CUTTING , LAYERING : 1. MOUND LAYERING
2. AIR LAYERING and grafting
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CUTTING :- THESE ARE SMALL PIECES OF STEM , ROOT , LEAVES WHICH HAVE BUD . IF GROWN IN SUITABLE CONDITION WILL DEVELOP INTO NEW PLANT..
MOUND LAYERING :- IT IS THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF PREPARING HERBACEOUS PLANTS. IN THIS METHOD BRANCH OF STEM IS BENT AND PARTIALLY DEFOLIATED . AN INJURY IS MADE IN DEFOLIATED PORTION . INJURY IS MADE TO REACTIVE MERISTEMATIC CELLS. THE INJURED PART IS THEN COVERED BY LIGHT LAYER OF SOIL . IN SUCH A WAY THAT THE GROWING TIP OF PLANT BRANCH REMAIN ABOVE THE SOIL . AFTER A FEW DAYS THE INJURED PART DEVELOPED ROOTS AND PRODUCE NEW PLANTS..
EXAMPLE :- JASMINE , CHERRY
air layering :- this method is commonly embroyed in case of syrups and trees which have wootee stem and do not posses branches near ground..
In this method a ring of bark is removed . the injured part is then covered with moist or grafting clay. Then it is wrapped with polythene sheath . The wrapped portion is called gootee . The injured portion of plant develop new roots and afterthat it produce new plant
example :- pomegranate;, orange etc.
GRAFTING :- IT IS THE MOST COMMON METHOD OF VEGETATIVE PROPAGATION. IN THIS METHOD PARTS OF DIFFERENT PLANTS ARE JOINED IN SUCH A WAY THAT THEY ARE GROW AS ONE PLANT. GRAFTING IS DONE BETWEEN TWO CLOSELY RELATED DICOTYLEDON PLANTS HAVING VASCULAR CAMBIUM..
EXAMPLE :- MANGO , ROSE ETC..
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