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Answer:
Caustic soda is an alkali salt which is also called Lye. It is the common name of sodium hydroxide. This name is given due to the corrosive nature of this salt on animal and plant tissues. It has a wide range of applications. The chemical formula of sodium hydroxide is NaOH.
Preparation of Caustic Soda
Sodium hydroxide can be prepared by various methods like:
Castner-Kellner process
Nelson Diaphragm cell
Loewig’s process
Castner-Kellner process
Principle: In the Castner-Kellner method, electrolysis of brine solution is performed in order to obtain sodium hydroxide.
Castner-Kellner cell: It is a steel tank that is rectangular. Ebonite is lined inside the tank. Titanium acts as an anode and a layer of mercury at the bottom of the tank acts as the cathode.
Ionization of brine solution occurs according to the following reaction:
2NaCl→2N
a
++2C
l
−
When the brine solution comes in contact with electric current, ionization takes place. As a result positive and the negative ions move towards the electrodes. Sodium ions get deposited at the mercury cathode forming a sodium amalgam. Chlorine ions move towards the anode and exit the cell from the top.
Reaction at the anode:
2C
l−→C
l2+2
e−
Reaction at the cathode:
2N
a++2
e−→2Na
Formation of NaOH
The amalgam formed is then transferred to another chamber called denuder. In the denuder, it is treated with water to obtain a sodium hydroxide solution. On evaporation of the solution, solid sodium hydroxide is formed. This is a very efficient process in order to obtain pure caustic soda.
Answer:
the science or practice of farming, including cultivation of the soil for the growing of crops and the rearing of animals to provide food, wool, and other products.the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
2.
the complex emotional or psychological interaction between people.
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Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. The earliest roots of science can be traced to Ancient Egypt and Mesopotamia in around 3500 to 3000 BCE. the branch of science concerned with the substances of which matter is composed, the investigation of their properties and reactions, and the use of such reactions to form new substances.
2.
the complex emotional or psychological interaction between people.
"their affair was triggered by intense