Question

hey guys....

where is horse gram found?
in which is found?
what time is it grown?
how much time does it take to grow?

guys plz answer...

Answer 1

Horse Gram (Macrotyloma uniflorum) is a pulse cultivated in India, South East Asia and in Afria.


Horse gram is an important crop of South India. Its grain is used for human consumption as ‘dal ’ as well as in preparation of so called ‘rasam’ and also as a concentrated feed for cattle. It may also be used as green manure. This crop is generally grown when the cultivator is unable to sow any other crop for want of timely rains and also grown in vacant space of citrus orchard.

Horse gram is mainly cultivated in the states of Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Odisha, Tamil Nadu, M.P. , Chhattisgarh, Bihar, W.B., Jharkhand, and in foot hills of Uttaranchal and H.P., in India.

Varieties

State-wise Recommended varieties

1)Rajasthan - KS - 2, Pratap Kulthi (AK - 2)Andhra Pradesh - Palem - 1, Palem - 2, Paiyur - 2, PHG - 9
3)Tamil nadu - Paiyur - 2
4)Karnataka - PHG - 9, GPM - 6, CRIDA - 1 - 18 R
5)Gujarat - Pratab Kulthi - 1 (AK - 42), GHG - 5
6)Uttarakhand -  VL - Gahat - 8, VL Gahat - 10
7)Chattisgath - Indira Kulthi - 1, (IKGH01 - 01
8)Kerala - CO 1, Pattambi Local

Climate requirement

Horsegram is extremely drought-resistant crop. Moderately warm, dry climatic conditions are suitable for its optimum growth. It does not grow well on higher altitudes because of cool and wet climate. Horsegram can be cultivated up to an altitude of 1000 m above the sea level. The temperature range of 25 - 30°C and relative humidity between 50 and 80% is optimum for its growth. Heavy rains during the initial stages of crop growth affect nodule formation owing to poor aeration in the soil. A well - distributed rainfall of about 800 mm is sufficient for its successful cultivation, but it performs well even under low rainfall areas.

Soil Type & Field Preparation

Generally grown on lateritic soil (poor in fertility) in south India. The crop can be grown on wide range of soils from light to heavy soils which are free from alkalinity. The crop needs minimum field preparations. Only 1 - 2 ploughings followed by planking provides desirable seed - bed.

Sowing Time

The main season for sowing horse gram is late August - November. As a fodder crop it is sown during June - August.

In Tamil Nadu, it is sown in September - November.In Maharashtra, horse gram is sown as a kharif crop, mixed with bajra or sometimes Niger and also in the Rabi in rice fallows.In M.P. it is a Rabi crop.In northern parts it is grown as kharif crop.In West Bengal the sowing period is October - November.

Seed Rate & Spacing

Generally sown as broadcast with 40 kg/ha seed rate for dual purpose i.e. grain and fodder.

For line sowing 25 - 30 kg/ha is enough for grain crop. Row Spacing : 40 - 45 cm during kharif and 25 - 30 cm during rabi and about 5 cm plant to plant spacing.

Seed treatment

Seeds must be treated with seed treating fungicide to reduce infection by fungal pathogens found in the soil. Horse gram seeds are treated with carbendazim (bavistin ) 2g for every k g of seeds. Biofungicide like Trichoderma viridi is recommended for pulses at the rate of 4g per kg seed. After fungicide treatment seed should be inoculated with Rhizobium and PSB culture @ 5 - 7 g/kg of seed.

Fertilizer management

20 kg nitrogen and 30 kg P2 O5 per ha as basal application at the time of sowing 2 - 5 cm below and in the side of the seed with the help of ferti-seed drill is enough for good management of crop.

Water Management

Irrigation should be apply at before flowering and pod formation stage.

Weed Management

Due to luxuriant growth an early weeding/hoeing is enough for weed. Application of Pendimethalin @ 0.75 - 1 kg a.i./ha as pre emergence application. After that, one hand weeding at 20 - 25 days after sowing


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