Question

Hey mate!!!!


My question is...

⏩ What is inductive effect? And also explain its types.

Answer 1

Inductive effect. If the electronegative atom is then joined to a chain of atoms, usually carbon, the positive charge is relayed to the other atoms inthe chain. This is the electron-withdrawing inductive effect, also known as the -I effect. ... In short, alkyl groups tend to give electrons, leading to induction effect.

An inductive effect is an electronic effect due to the polarisation of σ bonds within a molecule or ion. This is typically due to an electronegatvity difference between the atoms at either end of the bond.

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Answer 2

hii friend. ♥♥♥♥

here is your answer...

it is a permanent displacement of electrons which originate due to the difference in the electronegativity of two atoms


Let us consider a chain of carbon atom in which terminal carbin atom is joined to a chlorine atom.

-c3-c2-c1-cl


chlorine is more electro negative than the carbin .There fore the electron pair in the covalent bond between the chlorine atom and c1 atom will be displaced towards the chlorine atom .Due to which cl atom acquired a small negative charge and c1 acquire a small positive charge.

Now c1 is lightly charged .so it attracts the electron pair forming covalent bond between c1 and c2 due to which c2 acquire a small positive charge , but the charge is smaller than that of c1 because the effect is passed from c1 to c2.

similarly c3 also acquire a small positive charge which is smaller than the charge on c2


THIS TYPE OF SHIFT OF ELECTRON ALONG A CARBON CHAIN IS KNOWN AS " INDUCTIVE EFFECT"

The symbol is used to denote the inductive effect. The groups which are electron withdrawing , they are said to called -I effect and elwctron releasing groups are called +I effect


SUMMARY:-
===============
1) Displacements of sigma electron

2) permanent effect

3) Decrease with distance.

it is of two types

a)+I effect

it is also called electron donating effect.

ex-
-No2,-CN,-COOH,-F,-CL,-Br,-I,-OCH....etc

b) -I effect

it is also called electron withdrawing effect

ex-
-H2-CH2-CH2-CH3
....
..


hope it will help you. ....

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BY SILU12 @ ......