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UR QUESTION: information about national movement leaders in China, Vietnam, and Nigeria...
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Answers
Explanation:
At the turn of the 20th century, China was ruled by emperors of Manchu dynasty. The Manchu empire was over thrown and a republic established in 1911 under the leadership of Sun-Yat-Sen. But the country come under the control of regional military powers called “War lords”.
After the Republican revolution the China entered a period of turmoil. The Guomindang (KMT or Kuomintang of China) and the Chinese Communist Party (CCP) emerged as major forces striving to units the country and bring stability. The Guomindang failed because of its narrow social base and limited political vision. CCP leader Mao Zedong took a different path by basing his revolutionary programme on the peasantry.
The People’s Republic of China Government was established in 1949. The CCP rule gradually became a single party rule in which the supreme leaders or Chairman become all powerful.
In mid 19th century, Vietnam came under the direct rule of the French. During the French rule, in Vietnam land lordship dominated agriculture economy and peasants.
Ho chi Minh brought together competing nationalist groups to establish the Vietnamese Communist Party. The Democratic Republic of Vietnam was formed and Ho Chi Minh become chairman, when the Vietminh came to power in August 1945, with the help of the Ho Chi Minh government in the north and the NLF fought for the unification of the country.
The war between US and Vietnam was ended in 1974. The NLF occupied the presidential palace in Saigon on 30th April 1975 and finally unified Vietnam.
An African country Nigeria becomes colony to Britain in 1861. Herbert Macaulay founded the Nigerian National Democratic Party (NNDF) in 1923. In 1936 the Nigerian youth movement (NYM) was founded by Nnamdi Azikiwe. In 1944, Macaulay and NYM leader Azikiwe agreed to form the National council of Nigeria and the Cameroons (NCNC).
Nigeria became independent on 1st October 1963. After a long haul of military dictatorship, Nigerians elected a democratic government in 1999. Multinational companies head by the Dutch shell company acquired rights over oil drilling in Nigeria.
Then popular unrest grew steadily in Nigeria Delta region where various ethnic groups began demanding compensation for years of ecological damages as well as control over their land’s oil resources.
10.The situation came further deteriorated in 1990 when an eminent human right activist and environmentalist Ken Saro Wiwa was executed by the military government despite international protests.
Key words:
Land Reform: Land Reform is the process of Changing of laws regarding land ownership. The major steps were a class identification of all village inhabitants followed by the confiscation and redistribution of landlord and other productive property. Land reform succeeded in redistributing about 43 percent of china’s cultivated land to about 60 percent of the rural population.
Landlordism: It is an economic system or practice by which ownership of land is vested in one leases it to cultivators.
New Democracy: The People’s Republic of China government was established in 1949. It was based the principles of the ‘New Democracy’ an alliance of all social classes opposed to landlordism and imperialism.
Forced labour: Employing labour by force without their consent.
Chemical arms: Weapons that use poisonous gases and chemicals to kill and injure people.
Weak democracy: Democracy has a weak platform as its basis.
Pain- Africanism: It is an ideology that encourages the solidarity of African world-wide.
ESSAY ANSWER QUESTIONS
1. Trace the changes in the role of women seen in China over the decades. Why is it similar or different from that of USSR and Germany?
Earlier women in China were under the cage of traditional practices. They were not taken into consideration to decisions.
Over the decades women modernised and got education. They also became the part of the development in China.
They started to work in industries and formed women trade unions to fight for their rights of social, p
Answer:
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The youth established various political parties and gathered the people to fight against the colonial powers.
The youth established various political parties and gathered the people to fight against the colonial powers.-The western ideologies i.e freedom,equality and democracy were spread over these countries through schooling.
The youth established various political parties and gathered the people to fight against the colonial powers.-The western ideologies i.e freedom,equality and democracy were spread over these countries through schooling.-Socio-cultural transformation took place with the spread of schooling.The students fought against the colonial government.
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