Question

Hi guys
Plz provide me with 5 inventions in the field of biology after year 2000.

Answer 1

The 5 inventions are:

1. In 2000, scientists from across the world finished a rough draft of the map of the human genome. The final version was realized in 2003. This biological breakthrough was a difficult accomplishment to reach. It took more than 10 years and contributions from hundreds of scientists.

2. In 2007, two separate teams of scientists from Kyoto University and the University of Wisconsin-Madison reverted adult skin cells, so that they could act like pluripotent stem cells. Pluripotent stem cells can differentiate into nearly all cells and were previously only found in embryonic stem cells. This new process of creating induced pluripotent stem cells from mature cells changed the “programming” of the cells telling them to become skin in favor of acting like embryonic stem cells that could end up being virtually any kind of cell.

3. In 2014, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration approved the first prosthesis controlled by neural signals from the wearer’s brain for use by the general public. This is the culmination of almost two decades of biomedical research.

4. In 1996, scientists cloned a female domestic sheep using adult somatic cells from the mammary glands through the process of nuclear transfer. The resulting sheep, Dolly, matured and reproduced naturally. Dolly was a significant biological breakthrough, because she demonstrated not only that a full, separate embryo with properly expressed cells of all types could be cloned from a cell taken from a specific part of the body, but also that the cell could come from a fully developed adult.

5. In the early 1990s, biologists started getting some odd results when trying to manipulate gene expression. The most striking example of this was in a study about petunias. Plant biologists were trying to intensify the red color on the flower petals by introducing a gene that induced the formation of a red pigment, but were surprised to discover that their efforts turned the flower entirely white.