highlight the areas where the government has failed to tackle waste.
give some useful rules suggestion that people can follow that will help the government to tackle this issue.
pls answer this I will mark you brainliest.
Answers
Explanation:
Across India, existing systems for the collection, transportation and disposal of solid waste are mired in chaos. The problem is more acute in the urban areas, where rapidly growing populations generate increasingly larger quantities of solid waste that urban local bodies (ULBs) are unable to manage effectively. Improper management of solid waste poses risks to the environment and public health. This paper dissects the state of solid waste management in India, and offers recommendations to solve the myriad challenges.
Attribution: Satpal Singh, “Solid Waste Management in Urban India: Imperatives for Improvement,” ORF Occasional Paper No. 283, November 2020, Observer Research Foundation.
Introduction
Solid waste management (SWM) has emerged as one of the most massive development challenges in urban India. Numerous studies indicate that the unsafe disposal of waste generates dangerous gases and leachates, due to microbial decomposition, climate conditions, refuse characteristics and land-filling operations. According to the 12th Schedule of the 74th Constitution Amendment Act of 1992, urban local bodies (ULBs) are responsible for keeping cities and towns clean. However, most ULBs lack adequate infrastructure and face various strategic and institutional weaknesses, such as poor institutional capacity, financial constraints, and a lack of political will.i While many Indian ULBs do receive government assistance, almost all of them continue to be financially fragile. India has already exhausted all available landfill sites, and the concerned ULBs do not have resources to acquire new land. Moreover, finding new landfill sites is a difficult task as local officials are averse to setting aside land in their jurisdiction for waste that come from other areas.1
Various legislations have been passed for regulating the manner of waste disposal. The Ministry of Environment, Forest and Climate Change (MoEFCC) and the Ministry of Housing and Urban Affairs (MoHUA) have together rolled out policies and programmes to address these issues. However, most of these have failed to achieve their objectives due to a lack of clarity and awareness amongst the stakeholders, and poor enforcement by the regulators.ii
Review of Literature
There is a large volume of literature on the different aspects of SWM in India. For example, in her paper, “Municipal Solid Waste Management in India: A Critical Review,” Prof. Sudha Goel suggests that regular monitoring and data collection are essential for designing an efficient SWM system.iii To improve SWM practices in the country, Goel recommends establishing a centralised database on ULB experiences in SWM, and using modern tools and technology such as remote sensing, GIS and mathematics optimisation.