Question

highly energetic positively charged particles are usually used to carry nuclear reaction .give name principle and working of the machine used for the purpose​

Answer 1

PRINCIPLE :  

A charged particle can be accelerated to very high energies by making it pass through a moderate electric field a number of times. This can be done with the help of a perpendicular magnetic field which throws the charged particle into a circular motion, the frequency of which does not depend on the speed of the particle and the radius of the circular orbit.

WORKING :

Suppose a positive ion,say a proton,enters the gap between the two dees and finds dee D1 to be negative.It gets accelerated towards dee D1.As it enters the dee D1,it does not experience any  electric field  due to shielding effect of the metallic dee. The perpendicular magnetic field throws it into a circular path.At the instant the proton comes out of dee D1,,it finds dee D1 positive and dee D2. It moves faster through D2 describing a larger semicircle than before. Thus if the frequency of the applied voltage is kept exactly the same as the frequency of revolution of the proton,then every time the proton reaches the gap between the two dees, the electric field is reversed  and proton receives a push and finally it acquires very high energy. This is called the cyclotron’s resonance condition. The proton follows a spiral path. The accelerated proton is ejected through a window by a deflecting voltage and hits the target.

MAXIMUM K.E OF THE ACCELERATED IONS :  

The ions will attain maximum velocity near the periphery of the dees. If v0 is the maximum velocity acquired by the ions and r0 is the radius of the dees, then

=

 

The maximum kinetic energy of the ions will be  

$\frac{mv20}{r0} =qv0B\\or \\v0=\frac{qBr0}{m} \\\\K0=1/2 mv^{2}  _{0} \\ =1/2m[\frac{qBr0}{m} ]^{2} \\or K0= \frac{q^2B^2r^2_{0} }{2m}$

      or  

K0=q2B2r202m.

Answer 2

Answer:

name of this machine used for this purpose