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Q. Explain principle, construction and working of cyclotron with suitable diagram?
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Cyclotron is basically a particle accelerator, that accelerates charged particles outwards from the center along a spiral path. The particles are held to a spiral trajectory by a static magnetic field and accelerated by a rapidly varying electric field. The principle of a cyclotron is the use of cross electric and magnetic fields so as to accelerate charged particles.
A high frequency alternating voltage is used, which is applied between two hollow "D"-shaped sheet metal electrodes inside a vacuum chamber. They are placed face to face with a narrow gap between them, creating a cylindrical space within them for the particles to move. The particles are injected into the center of this space.
If the particles' speeds were constant, they would travel in a circular path within the electrodes under the influence of the magnetic field. However a radio frequency alternating voltage of several thousand volts is applied between them. The frequency is set so that the particles make one circuit during a single cycle of the voltage. To achieve this, the frequency must match the particle's cyclotron resonance frequency.
★f=qb/2πm
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