History:
Who were the later mughals? Explain the condition of the mughal empire under them.
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Answer:
Auragzeb's successors were the Later Mughals and they ruled for almost 150 years(1707-1857). Important among them were Bahadur Shah I (1707-1712),Jahandar Shah(1712-1713),Farrukhsiyar(1713-1719) and Muhammad Shah (1719-1745).
Society during the Mughal era was organised on a feudal basis and the head of the social system was the king. He enjoyed an unparalleled status. The king was the fountain of honours and favours. Below the king were the nobles who enjoyed great respect and dignity in society. There were men of every type and nationality among the Mughal nobles. Most of the nobles led a life of extravagance. They maintained large establishments and most of their income were wasted on them. Drinking was a common vice among them. You will be surprised to know that when a nobleman died, all his property was confiscated by the king. Therefore the nobles never cared to save as they knew that everything after their death would go to the king. Below the nobles were the middle class which was heterogeneous in composition. It included the wealthy merchants, professional men and petty Mansabdars. The middle class people did not lead a life of pomp and show since they could not afford it. The merchants usually concealed their wealth as there was always the fear of the same being forcibly taken away by the faujdar or the local governor. But the merchants on the west coast who did business on a large scale enjoyed their riches without fear of losing them. The petty Mansabdars tried to imitate the lifestyle of the big Mansabdars though they did not play any significant part in society. The lower class consisted of cultivators, artisans, small traders, slaves, shopkeepers, etc. They led a hard and unattractive life. Their life was simple and their belongings were limited. For the Muslims, pilgrimage to Mecca was an event of great importance in Mughal India. The caste system was determined by birth, and not by profession. Each caste had developed its own rituals and practices. There was strictness in inter-dining and inter- marrying.
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