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Describe the important characteristics of gymnosperms.
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Gymnosperms are a group of plants with the following uniquecharacteristics: They do not have an outer covering or shell around their seeds. They do not produce flowers. They do not produce fruits.
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Important characteristics of gymnosperms are-
☆ The seeds of these plants are not enclosed in fruits.
☆ The plant body ranges from medium to tall trees and shrubs. The giant redwood tree Sequoia is one of the tallest trees in the world.
☆ The root system consist of tap roots. The coralloid present in Cycas are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
☆ The stems can be branched ( as in Pinus and Cedrus ) or un-branched (as in Cycas).
☆ The leaves can be simple (as in Pinus) or compound (pinnate in Cycas).
The leaves are needle-like, with a thick cuticle and sunken stomata. These help in preventing water loss.
☆ Gymnosperms are heterosporous.
They bear two kind of spores-
Microspores and Megaspores.
☆ Flowers are absent. The microsporophylls and megasporophylls are arranged to form compact male and female cones.
☆ Pollination occurs mostly through wind and pollen grains reach the pollen chamber of the ovule through micropyle.
☆ The male and female gametophytes are dependent on the sporophyte.
☆ The seeds contain haploid endosperms and remain uncovered.
Hope it helped
☆ The seeds of these plants are not enclosed in fruits.
☆ The plant body ranges from medium to tall trees and shrubs. The giant redwood tree Sequoia is one of the tallest trees in the world.
☆ The root system consist of tap roots. The coralloid present in Cycas are associated with nitrogen-fixing cyanobacteria.
☆ The stems can be branched ( as in Pinus and Cedrus ) or un-branched (as in Cycas).
☆ The leaves can be simple (as in Pinus) or compound (pinnate in Cycas).
The leaves are needle-like, with a thick cuticle and sunken stomata. These help in preventing water loss.
☆ Gymnosperms are heterosporous.
They bear two kind of spores-
Microspores and Megaspores.
☆ Flowers are absent. The microsporophylls and megasporophylls are arranged to form compact male and female cones.
☆ Pollination occurs mostly through wind and pollen grains reach the pollen chamber of the ovule through micropyle.
☆ The male and female gametophytes are dependent on the sporophyte.
☆ The seeds contain haploid endosperms and remain uncovered.
Hope it helped
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