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distinguish between unitary and federal form of government.
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Answer:
The Unitary governing system:
• Places its power in one central governing system
• Very little political power exists outside the central government
• The powers of this governing system are uniformly applied throughout
• All major government decisions are made by the central government
• If smaller government units are established they are controlled by the central government and can be abolished by such without their consent
• Many unitary governments are either dictatorships or totalitarian
• France, although Democratic, is governed by a Unitarian body
• Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Barbados, Morocco, and Spain are examples of unitary monarchy government
• China, Afghanistan, Italy, Zambia, and the Ukraine are examples of unitary republic government
The Federal Governing System:
• Distributes power from the national government to local/state governments to adopt laws that are reasonable to the country as a whole and the localities
• Power may be diffused in the federal system
• Multi-national states often have a federal system
• Larger countries often adopt the federal system since constituents may live in areas remote to the location of the central government
• Ethnicities with in a country may lead to a federal system as their rules and laws may vary. An example of this is the small country of Belgium which balances the needs two distinct ethnic groups
• The United States has a federal governing system with a national government and Constitution, in conjunction with states governments and constitutions
A federal government fosters a power sharing pact between the national government and the member states’ local governments. This type of system seeks to ensure resources are closer to the citizens and so it is used in large nations to ensure equitable sharing of resources. There is also a high level of control that can be exercised within the state by the local institutions without interference from the central government. The laws established by the local government should be in line with the fundamental laws of the central government. It is important to note that some states can establish laws that are not existent in other states. Examples of countries practicing the federal system include the US and Belgium.
A Unitary government is characterized by centralization of power and authority is mostly exercised by the national government. Resources are shared from the central government to the different regions within the country. The different regions within the country may at most times lack the authority to establish their own laws especially in purely unitary systems. Examples of countries practicing the unitary system of government include France and Israel.
In a unitary system, the central government has all the power. In a federal system, some powers are given to the central government and other powers are given to the lower levels of government
In a unitary system, the central government gets to decide what powers, if any, to give to the lower levels of government. Even if it gives them some power, it can always take it back. The lower levels of government have no right to their power.
In a federal system, they have a right to their powers. The central government cannot just take those powers away. Typically, as with the US, there is a written constitution that tells what powers go to the national government and what powers go to the lower levels.