honey provides as which nutrients
Answers
Explanation:
These substances are of nutritional and health importance. Some of the vitamins found in honey include ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, niacin and riboflavin; along with minerals such as calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc.
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Answer:
Honey as food
Nutritional profile
The composition of honey is mainly sugars and water (Table 1). In addition, it also contains several vitamins and minerals, including B vitamins as shown in Table 2. The other constituents of honey are amino acids, antibiotic-rich inhibine, proteins, phenol antioxidants, and micronutrients [2]. The sugars in honey are sweeter and give more energy than artificial sweeteners [2-4], and the most abundant sugar in honey is fructose (Table 1).
Table 1
Table 1
Nutritional composition of honey*
Table 2
Table 2
Chemical elements found in honey*
These substances are of nutritional and health importance. Some of the vitamins found in honey include ascorbic acid, pantothenic acid, niacin and riboflavin; along with minerals such as calcium, copper, iron, magnesium, manganese, phosphorus, potassium and zinc. The detailed list of vitamins, minerals, other micronutrients and trace elements found in honey is given in Tables 2 and and33.
Table 3
Table 3
Other chemical elements found in honey*
The high nutritional profile of honey with wide range of nutrients (although in minute quantities), encourages its use as food. Due to the low quantities of some of the NH’s essential nutrients, it is advisable for adults to take it (NH) in large quantities (70 – 95 g daily) to get the full desirable nutritional and health benefits [19-23].
Growth
Food is eaten for nourishment, metabolic activities, growth and healthy living. Regular consumption of natural honey gives all these benefits. In fact, honey is a complete meal, as shown in Tables 1 – 3. It contains major components of a meal, and micronutrients that will enhance the digestion and absorption of these major dietary components, as well as those required for metabolism and body functions. We recorded enhanced body weight gain by our rats fed blossom honey in two separate studies at different laboratories in Nigeria and South Africa [4,24]. In 2008, Chepulis and Starkey fed honeydew honey to 8-week old rats for 52 weeks to assess weight gain. These workers show that the growth influence of honey in rodents is partly due to increased bone growth and mineralisation [25], probably due to the calcium content of honey. Our unpublished data from very recent study on NH supplemented rats confirmed this linear growth influence of honey. In his extensive review of the literature, Molan (2001) confirmed the growth stimulating property of honey [18]. He opines from his histological studies on wounds that stimulation of cell growth by honey also enhances NH healing properties.
Source of antioxidants
The presence of free radicals and reactive oxygen species (ROS) is culpable in the processes of cellular dysfunction, pathogenesis of metabolic and cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) as well as aging. The consumption of foods and substances rich in antioxidant can protect against these pathological changes and consequently prevent the pathogenesis of these and other chronic ailments. Researches indicate that NH contains several important compounds, and these include antioxidants [26,27]. The qualitative and quantitative composition of honey (including the antioxidants constituent and the other phytochemical substances) is a reflection of the floral source as well as the variety of the particular honey. The colour of honey also influences its antioxidant content, as darker honeys are known to have higher amount than lighter honeys [28]. In their analysis of the phytochemical composition of monofloral Cuban honeys, Alvarez-Suarez and co-workers, agreed with this submission and concluded that Cuban honeys contain important phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid concentrations with high substantial antioxidant capacity [29].