How addition and increment addition in microprocessor?
Answers
ARITHMETIC INSTRUCTIONS
Pentium provides arithmetic instructions for: Addition (ADD, ADC), incrementation (INC), subtraction (SUB, SBB), decrementation (DEC), comparison (CMP ), negation (NEG), multiplication (MUL, IMUL), and division (DIV, IDIV).
Each arithmetic instruction modifies one or more processor status flags.
Zero Flag (ZF): Tests the result of a flag modifying instruction whether zero or not. The Zero Flag is set if the result is zero; otherwise it is cleared.
The following conditional jump instructions may be used to react to the value of the zero flag: JZ, JE, JNZ, JNE
Carry Flag (CF): Tests for unsigned overflow. The carry flag is set if there is unsigned overflow; otherwise it is cleared.
The following conditional jump instructions may be used to react to the value of the carry flag: JC, JNC
Overflow Flag (OF): Tests for signed overflow. The overflow flag is set if there is signed overflow; otherwise it is cleared.
The following conditional jump instructions may be used to react to the value of the overflow flag: JO, JNO
Sign Flag (SF): This flag is useful only when dealing with signed numbers. The flag is set if the result is negative; otherwise it is cleared.
The following conditional jump instructions may be used to react to the value of the sign flag: JS (Jump if SF=1), JNS (Jump if no sign, i.e., SF=0)
Note: The processor does not know whether a given bit pattern represents a signed or unsigned number. It is up to the program logic to interpret a given bit pattern correctly, by using appropriate conditional jump instruction.
Auxiliary Flag (AF): The Auxiliary flag indicates whether an operation has produced a result that has generated a carry out of, or a borrow into, the low-order four bits of 8-, 16-, or 32-bit operands. The Auxiliary flag is set if there is such a carry or borrow; otherwise it is cleared.
Example:
MOV AL, 43 ; 00101011B
ADD AL, 94 ; 01011110B
1 Carry out of 4 low order bits
00101011B
01011110B
10001001B
Thus the Auxiliary flag is set.
Note: There is no conditional jump instruction to test the value of the Auxiliary fla
Answer:
Arithmetic Instructions
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