How are the functions of mitochondria and chloroplasts contradictory
Answers
During cellular respiration, Glucose a 6 carbon compound is broken down into a 3 carbon compound called Pyruvic acid (in the cytoplasm) and further this Pyruvic acid in the presence of oxygen breaks down to give water + carbon dioxide and energy in the form of ATP (in the mitochondrion).
Function of chloroplast - chloroplast contain chlorophyll and this converts light energy from the sun in sugars that can be used by the plant cells by the process of photosynthesis.
During photosynthesis, 3 main events take place -
1) absorption of light energy from the sun .
2) conversion of light energy into chemical energy (to produce ATP).
3) the ATP produced is used to split water molecules.
4) then the carbon dioxide is reduced into carbohydrates .
Thus , we can see that the function of chloroplast and mitochondria are not contradictory in fact they are somewhat similar.
Hope it helps
hello, here is your answer,
1. Similarities and Differences
Like the mitochondria, the chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane. Inside the membranes are its different parts. These include thylakoids and stroma. A stack of thylakoids is called a grana. Chlorophyll molecules on the thylakoids capture sunlight and begin the process of photosynthesis.
Similarities of Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
convert energy
have its own DNA
enclosed by two membranes
oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) are involved in its processes
both have fluids inside of them
Differences Between Mitochondria and Chloroplasts
Chloroplast
Mitochondria
Plural: chloroplasts
Plural: mitochondria
Usually found in plants and unicellular organisms.
Found in almost all cells.
Converts solar/light energy into chemical energy (sugar).
Converts chemical energy (sugar) into another form of chemical energy (ATP), which is simpler and could be used by the cell.
Process is photosynthesis:
composed of Light Reactions and Calvin Benson Cycle.
Process is cellular respiration:
composed of Glycolysis, ETC, and Oxidative Phosphorylation.
Has three compartments(parts): thylakoids (traps sunlight), granum (pl: grana; stacks of thylakoids), stroma (fluid inside the outer membrane, which interacts with the cytoplasm. It surrounds the granum and thylakoids.
Has two compartments. Crista (pl:cristae) is the compartment formed by the inner and outer membrane of the mitochondria; it is the layer of folds in the mitochondria and is studded with proteins. The other compartment is called matrix; it is the fluid inside the foldings (cristae).
2. Mitochondria Structure & Function
Known as the powerhouse of the cell, mitochondria are kind of like the digestive system, taking in nutrients and breaking them down to give the cell energy. Mitochondria help take energy from sugar or glucose and convert it into a simpler form called ATP that the cell can more easily use. This process is called cellular respiration, and the mitochondria plays a central role in it.
Mitochondria are composed of two membranes:
An outer membrane covers the organelle like skin, protecting it.
An inner membrane that is folded over again and again to create a layered structure is called crista, and it is studded with useful proteins. The fluid inside these folds is called the matrix.
In sexual reproduction, mitochondria are normally inherited exclusively from the mother. The mitochondria in mammalian sperm are usually destroyed by the egg cell after fertilization. The fact that mitochondrial DNA is maternally inherited enables researchers to trace maternal lineage far back in time.
4. Chloroplast Function and Structure
Chloroplasts are very similar to mitochondria, but are found only in the cells of plants and some algae. Like mitochondria, chloroplasts produce food for their cells. Chloroplasts help turn sunlight into food that can be used by the cell, a process known as photosynthesis.
Like the mitochondria, the chloroplast has an inner and outer membrane. Inside those membranes are its different parts, which include thylakoids and stroma. A stack of thylakoids is called a grana (pl. granum).
Chlorophyll molecules on the thylakoids capture sunlight and begin the process of photosynthesis. The molecules created by this reaction then move to the stroma, which synthesizes the sugars and “fixes” the CO2.
Two membranes contain and protect the inner parts of the chloroplast. These membranes are named the outer and inner membranes. The inner membrane surrounds the stroma and the grana (stacks of thylakoids). One thylakoid stack is called a granum.
Parts of the Chloroplast
Inner membrane
The inner membrane is less permeable and studded with transport proteins. The innermost matrix of chloroplasts, called the stroma, contains metabolic enzymes and multiple copies of the chloroplast genome.
Outer membrane
The outer membrane provides further protection to the chloroplast.
Stroma
Stroma refers to the colorless fluid surrounding the grana within the chloroplast.
Thylakoids
A thylakoid is a membrane-bound compartment inside chloroplasts and cyanobacteria. They are the site of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis.
Granum
Stacked into grana, the shape of the thylakoids allow for optimum surface area, maximizing the amount of photosynthesis that can happen
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