how are the latitude on distance form the equator influence on climate
Answers
The distance from the equator influence the climate of a place in two significant ways:
large scale wind patterns
amount of the incoming sunshine
Now, let’s explain both with examples:
If a place is a few hundred or thousand kilometres from the equator, it is well within the Hadley cell - Wikipedia. You can expect there a season with relatively stable winds coming from the east, and a season with relatively little wind. Occasionally, you can also experience hurricanes. The length of the day and night is similar whole year around, and you can expect a lot of sunshine — leading to relatively warm temperatures.
If a place is 6 or 7 thousand kilometres from the equator, you experience winds changing more often. A warm winds are coming from south and southwest, while a cold winds are coming mostly from north. Due to curvature of the Earth, you are receiving lower amount of sunshine. Plus due to the tilt of the Earth axis, there a larger differences in the amount of sunshine throughout the year, as well as in the length of the day and night.
This also leads to the situation when you can distinguish a few seasons, including one winter — cold season with longer nights, and one summer — warmer season with shorter nights.
Nevertheless, being further from the equator does not necessary mean colder temperatures — Glasgow in Scotland is on average warmer then Vancouver in Canada, despite the former being by thousand kilometres further from the equator than the later. Thins like warm sea currents comes into play.
To sum up, the distance from the equator influences the climate, however it is only one of the important factors.