how auxin increase respiration reasons?
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Answer:
Auxins and cytokinins are major growth promoters and morphogens (Table 3-7, Fig. 3-12). Auxin, or indoleacetic acid, is synthesized in young leaves and in developing seeds from the amino acid tryptophan. In this portion of the plant, it is responsible for apical dominance and opening stomata, pores through which gaseous exchange takes place and water vapor is lost. It also travels downs the phloem to reach the roots. Growth is achieved by activating polysaccharide hydrolases that increase the extensibility of the cell wall, which allows for cell enlargement.
Table 3-7. The Major Plant Hormones
Hormones Structure Action
Growth
Auxin Indoleacetic acid Stimulates shoot growth, root initiation, and xylem/phloem differentiation; responsible for apical dominance and phototropism and gravitropism; opens stomata
Cytokinins Substituted purines Cell division, bud induction, and leaf morphology; embryonic growth
Gibberellins Diterpenes Germination, internodal elongation, and flowering
Brassinosteroids Sterol derivatives Elongation, curvature, and splitting of the internode, especially in seedlings; light-regulated development
Phytosulfokines Peptide Cell proliferation
CLAVATA3 Peptide Growth inhibition of meristem
POLARIS Peptide Cell expansion
Dormancy/Senescence
Abscisic acid Terpenoid Dormancy; water conservation by stomatal closure; embryonic growth; accelerates senescence
Ethylene Alkene Fruit ripening; abscission and dehiscence; wound responses; thigmotropism; induces macrocyst formation in certain fungi
Defense
Traumatic acid Dicarboxylic acid Abscission and adventitious bud formation, especially in response to wounding
Jasmonic acid Cyclopentanone derivative Inhibits germination and promotes senescence, tuberization, and male gamete development; inhibits chloroplast genes; induces defense response
12-Oxo-phytodienoic acid Jasmonic acid precursor Tendril coiling
Salicylic acid 2-Hydroxybenzoic acid Thermogenic in Arum lilies; mediates pathogen resistance; induces flowering
Systemin Peptide Induces defense genes
Oxylipins Oxylipins Cell death; induces defense genes
Elicitors
β-Glucan and pectin fragments Oligosaccharides Elicitors from microorganisms; induce defense responses; morphogenesis, such as flower formation in tobacco (pectin); IAA antagonists
Bruchin Fatty acid derivative Elicitor from insects; induces callus formation
Volicitin Fatty acid derivative Elicitor from insects; induces release of attractant for parasitic wasp of feeding insect larvae
Other
ENOD40 Peptide Nodule formation; reduced apical dominance
RALF Peptide Rapid alkalinization; inhibits root
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