Question

how can sodium carbonate and sodium sulphite be identified?

Answer 1

Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) will effervesce when a dilute acid is added and a colourless, odourless gas (carbon dioxide) will be given off which, if bubbled through lime-water, will turn it cloudy. 

Sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) will effervesce when a dilute acid is added giving off a colourless gas with a choking smell (sulphur dioxide), which, if bubbled through acidified dichromate solution will turn it green.

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Answer 2

Sodium sulphite is the sodium salt of sulphurous acid having molecular formula Na2SO3​, can be made by dissolving NaOH in H2SO3. In ​Sodium sulphite, oxidation state of Sulphur is +4.
or
Sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) will effervesce when a dilute acid is added and a colourless, odourless gas (carbon dioxide) will be given off which, if bubbled through lime-water, will turn it cloudy. 

Sodium sulphite (Na2SO3) will effervesce when a dilute acid is added giving off a colourless gas with a choking smell (sulphur dioxide), which, if bubbled through acidified dichromate solution will turn it green.

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