Question

How can we achieve physical data independence and logical data independencw in database?

Answer 1

Answer:

With Physical independence, you can easily change the physical storage structures or devices with an effect on the conceptual schema. ... Physical data independence is achieved by the presence of the internal level of the database and then the transformation from the conceptual level of the database to the internal level

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Answer 2

Answer:

With Physical independence, you can easily change the physical storage structures or devices with an effect on the conceptual schema. ... Physical data independence is achieved by the presence of the internal level of the database and then the transformation from the conceptual level of the database to the internal level.

mark as brilliant answer