Question

How can we know that what is a chemical property and what is physical property of matter?

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Answer 1

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➥How can we know that what is a chemical property and what is physical property of matter?

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• All properties of matter are either extensive or intensive and either physical or chemical.

• Extensive properties, such as mass and volume, depend on the amount of matter that is being measured.

• Intensive properties, such as density and color, do not depend on the amount of matter.

• Both extensive and intensive properties are physical properties, which means they can be measured without changing the substance’s chemical identity.

• For example, the freezing point of a substance is a physical property: when water freezes, it’s still water (H2O)—it’s just in a different physical state.

• Solid, liquids, and gasesWater can exist in several states, including ice (solid), water (liquid), and water vapor (gas).

• A chemical property, meanwhile, is any of a material’s properties that becomes evident during a chemical reaction; that is, any quality that can be established only by changing a substance’s chemical identity.

• Chemical properties cannot be determined just by viewing or touching the substance; the substance’s internal structure must be affected for its chemical properties to be investigated.

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Physical properties are properties that can be measured or observed without changing the chemical nature of the substance. Some examples of physical properties are:

• color (intensive)

• density (intensive)

• volume (extensive)

• mass (extensive)

• boiling point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance boils

• melting point (intensive): the temperature at which a substance melts

➥Physical properties Matter has mass and volume, as demonstrated by this concrete block.

➥You can observe its mass by feeling how heavy it is when you try to pick it up; you can observe its volume by looking at it and noticing its size.

➥Mass and volume are both examples of extensive physical properties.

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Remember, the definition of a chemical property is that measuring that property must lead to a change in the substance’s chemical structure. Here are several examples of chemical properties:

• Heat of combustion is the energy released when a compound undergoes complete combustion (burning) with oxygen.

• The symbol for the heat of combustion is ΔHc.

➥Chemical stability refers to whether a compound will react with water or air (chemically stable substances will not react).

➥Hydrolysis and oxidation are two such reactions and are both chemical changes.

➥Flammability refers to whether a compound will burn when exposed to flame.

➥Again, burning is a chemical reaction—commonly a high-temperature reaction in the presence of oxygen.

➥The preferred oxidation state is the lowest-energy oxidation state that a metal will undergo reactions in order to achieve (if another element is present to accept or donate electrons).

Answer 2

Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity. Chemical properties can be measured only by changing a substance's chemical identity.

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17-Aug-2020 — Physical Properties and Changes · density: ρ=mv · color: The pigment or shade · conductivity: electricity to flow through the substance · malleability ...

Physical properties can be measured without changing a substance's chemical identity. Chemical properties can be measured only by changing a substance's chemical identity.

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