How can you use genetic and geographic information to show relationships between populations or organisms?
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Answer:
Genetic variation is a measure of the genetic differences that exist within a population. The genetic variation of an entire species is often called genetic diversity. Genetic variations are the differences in DNA segments or genes between individuals and each variation of a gene is called an allele.For example, a population with many different alleles at a single chromosome locus has a high amount of genetic variation. Genetic variation is essential for natural selection because natural selection can only increase or decrease frequency of alleles that already exist in the population.
Genetic variation is caused by:
mutation
random mating between organisms
random fertilization
crossing over (or recombination) between chromatids of homologous chromosomes during meiosis
The last three of these factors reshuffle alleles within a population, giving offspring combinations which differ from their parents and from others.
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