how chola empire decline
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Here is the full history......@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
The last great ruler of the Cholas was Kulothunga Chola I, who presided over a vast empire, was a good administrator too. However Kulothunga was more of a pacifist, and tried to avoid war as much as he could. The result, Sri Lanka was lost, and the Pandyan territories too began to slip away. While Vikrama Chola and Kulothunga Chola II, ruled well, the beginning of the end started with Raja Raja Chola II(1146–1173 AD).

While Raja Raja Chola II, was a capable ruler, a civil war broke out in the Pandya kingdom, and the Chola influence was further weakened there. It was more a revolt of the Pandya rulers against what they say as Chola dominance. Neverthless he still managed to keep large tracts of the Chola Empire under control. The Chola hold over the Pandyas was further weakened during the rule of Rajadhiraja Chola.
One of the reasons, was that though the Cholas had conquered most of the Pandyan territories, they allowed the latter to reign over their land. A bitter internal dispute between the Pandyan ruler Parakrama Pandyan and Kulasekaran, saw the latter attacking Maduria. Parakrama appealed to the Sri Lankan ruler Parakramabahu I for help, but Kulasekara killed Parakrama,and his family, occupied Madurai. However with the Sri Lankan ruler, deposing Kulasekara, he had to seek help from Rajadhiraja Chola. The Cholas beat back the Lankans and managed to secure the throne for Kulasekara. However when the Cholas led an expedition into Lanka and destroyed many places, Parakrambahu got into an alliance with Kulasekhara against the Cholas.Though they managed to defeat Kulasekara, the damage had been done, more and more feudatories were now breaking away from the Chola Empire, and internal revolts were the order of the day.
However while Kulothunga Chola III, managed to conquer vast tracts of territory and extend the empire, his later years were marked by defeats to the Pandyas, and decline began to set in rapidly. One main reason, was the practice of giving total freedom to the Pandya rulers to reign, inspite of defeating them. Earlier rulers like Rajendra Chola I and his father Raja Raja Chola I, not only subjugated the Pandyas, they ensured a Chola prince was placed on the throne there to oversee the affairs. This was reversed in the time of the later Cholas on the grounds of suzerainty, which in reality proved to be disastrous. The intervention of the Cholas in the Pandyan civil wars bought them no benefit either, and it only began to result in the rise of the Pandyan power. At the other end, the Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva began to expand his territory defeating the Telugu Cholas in 1216, and more territory was lost. To add to their woes, the Cholas themselves were wracked by a series of succession rivalries, palace disputes, that weakened the empire further.
The death blow to the Chola Empire was given by Maravarman Sundara Pandyan, who defeated Kulothunga Chola III, sacked Thanjavur, drove Rajaraja Chola III into exile. Kulothunga just about managed to hold on to the throne, with the help of his Hoysala ally Veera Ballala III. But the decline of the Chola empire was now inevitable, with the Pandyas breaking away, forming a new empire. The rule of Rajaraja Chola III, finally signaled the end of the Chola Empire.
With the Pandyas breaking away in the Deep South and the Kakatiyas, recapturing most of the territory in the Telugu region, the Chola empire further declined. It did not help that Rajaraja Chola III, was a thoroughly incompetent ruler. He broke the treaty with the Pandyas, who in turn invaded Thanjavur, sent him into exile. Once again the Hoysalas came to the aid of the Cholas. But it was apparent that the once mighty empire, was now reduced to an appendage, dependent on the far stronger Hoysalas. The end came in 1264 CE, when the Pandyan ruler, Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I, sacked the capital of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and the Hoysalas offered no help either. With Kanchipuram lost earlier to the Telugu Cholas, the remaining Chola territories were now fully under Pandyan rule.
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Here is the full history......@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@@
The last great ruler of the Cholas was Kulothunga Chola I, who presided over a vast empire, was a good administrator too. However Kulothunga was more of a pacifist, and tried to avoid war as much as he could. The result, Sri Lanka was lost, and the Pandyan territories too began to slip away. While Vikrama Chola and Kulothunga Chola II, ruled well, the beginning of the end started with Raja Raja Chola II(1146–1173 AD).

While Raja Raja Chola II, was a capable ruler, a civil war broke out in the Pandya kingdom, and the Chola influence was further weakened there. It was more a revolt of the Pandya rulers against what they say as Chola dominance. Neverthless he still managed to keep large tracts of the Chola Empire under control. The Chola hold over the Pandyas was further weakened during the rule of Rajadhiraja Chola.
One of the reasons, was that though the Cholas had conquered most of the Pandyan territories, they allowed the latter to reign over their land. A bitter internal dispute between the Pandyan ruler Parakrama Pandyan and Kulasekaran, saw the latter attacking Maduria. Parakrama appealed to the Sri Lankan ruler Parakramabahu I for help, but Kulasekara killed Parakrama,and his family, occupied Madurai. However with the Sri Lankan ruler, deposing Kulasekara, he had to seek help from Rajadhiraja Chola. The Cholas beat back the Lankans and managed to secure the throne for Kulasekara. However when the Cholas led an expedition into Lanka and destroyed many places, Parakrambahu got into an alliance with Kulasekhara against the Cholas.Though they managed to defeat Kulasekara, the damage had been done, more and more feudatories were now breaking away from the Chola Empire, and internal revolts were the order of the day.
However while Kulothunga Chola III, managed to conquer vast tracts of territory and extend the empire, his later years were marked by defeats to the Pandyas, and decline began to set in rapidly. One main reason, was the practice of giving total freedom to the Pandya rulers to reign, inspite of defeating them. Earlier rulers like Rajendra Chola I and his father Raja Raja Chola I, not only subjugated the Pandyas, they ensured a Chola prince was placed on the throne there to oversee the affairs. This was reversed in the time of the later Cholas on the grounds of suzerainty, which in reality proved to be disastrous. The intervention of the Cholas in the Pandyan civil wars bought them no benefit either, and it only began to result in the rise of the Pandyan power. At the other end, the Kakatiya ruler Ganapatideva began to expand his territory defeating the Telugu Cholas in 1216, and more territory was lost. To add to their woes, the Cholas themselves were wracked by a series of succession rivalries, palace disputes, that weakened the empire further.
The death blow to the Chola Empire was given by Maravarman Sundara Pandyan, who defeated Kulothunga Chola III, sacked Thanjavur, drove Rajaraja Chola III into exile. Kulothunga just about managed to hold on to the throne, with the help of his Hoysala ally Veera Ballala III. But the decline of the Chola empire was now inevitable, with the Pandyas breaking away, forming a new empire. The rule of Rajaraja Chola III, finally signaled the end of the Chola Empire.
With the Pandyas breaking away in the Deep South and the Kakatiyas, recapturing most of the territory in the Telugu region, the Chola empire further declined. It did not help that Rajaraja Chola III, was a thoroughly incompetent ruler. He broke the treaty with the Pandyas, who in turn invaded Thanjavur, sent him into exile. Once again the Hoysalas came to the aid of the Cholas. But it was apparent that the once mighty empire, was now reduced to an appendage, dependent on the far stronger Hoysalas. The end came in 1264 CE, when the Pandyan ruler, Jatavarman Sundara Pandyan I, sacked the capital of Gangaikonda Cholapuram, and the Hoysalas offered no help either. With Kanchipuram lost earlier to the Telugu Cholas, the remaining Chola territories were now fully under Pandyan rule.
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Answer:
Chola Empire
Explanation:
The Chola Dynasty was a Tamil thalassocracy conglomerate of southern India, one of the longest- ruling dynasties in world history. The foremost datable references to the Chola are in eulogies from the 3rd century BCE left by Ashoka, of the Maurya Empire. As one of the Three culminated lords of Tamilakam, along with the Chera and Pandya, the dynasty continued to govern over varying homes until the 13th century CE. Despite these ancient origins, the period when it's applicable to speak of a" Chola Empire" only begins with the medieval Cholas in the mid-9th century CE.
The Cholas themselves were agonized by race battles and palace controversies, which weakened the conglomerate indeed further. Maravarman Sundara Pandyan dealt the Chola Empire its final blow, defeating Kulothunga Chola III, sacking Thanjavur, and driving Rajaraja Chola III into exile.
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