How could non-cooperation become a movement? Explain with examples.(Delhi - 2014)
Answers
Hope these Both answers may Help U
a. Non-cooperation against the colonial policies was
issue-specific and the movements also used to be
issue-specific that seek to achieve the objectives
within a certain time period.
b. Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-violent Civil
Disobedient Movement against the Rowlatt Act
because the violence was spreading all over. Now
he wanted to launch a much wider movement in
India by joining the Hindus and the Muslims of
the country. That’s why he took up the Khilafat
issue.
c. In the year 1909 Mahatma Gandhi wrote a book
named Hind Swaraj in which he wrote that the
British survived in India only because of the
cooperation of the Indians, otherwise they would
have collapsed within a year.
d. Gandhiji planned to unfold the movement in
stages. In the first stage the people surrendered
the titles, boycotted civil services, army, police,
schools, foreign goods, courts and legislative
councils. The full Civil Disobedience Campaign
was planned for the second phase if the government
tried to repress the first phase. Many within the
Congress were reluctant to boycott the council
election which was scheduled for November 1920.
Finally in December 1920, a compromise was
made to adopt the non-cooperation.
e. In January 1921, the Non-Cooperation Khilafat
Movement was started in which different social
groups participated with different aspirations
from the Swaraj. This movement was started
with the middle class people of the towns and
cities. The students left the schools and colleges,
the teachers and headmasters resigned and the
lawyers gave up their practices.
f. The council elections were also boycotted except
in Madras. The Justice Party which was a party of
the non-Brahmins in Madras felt that power can
be acquired only through the council elections.