How cyclones and super cyclones are formed?
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Explanation:
CYCLONE
How do cyclones form?
How does a low-pressure system turn into a destructive tropical cyclone? To find out, we have looked it square in the eye.
Tropical cyclones develop from the large-scale clusters of thunderstorm cells that are often witnessed over tropical oceans. They get their energy from the evaporation of surface water with a temperature of more than 27°C.
Tropical cyclones with wind speeds of up to 300 km/h
Tropical cyclones attaining hurricane force in the Atlantic and Northeast Pacific are referred to as hurricanes; they are called cyclones in the Indian Ocean – the sea area around Australia, and the South Pacific – and typhoons in the Northwest Pacific. Below hurricane force, i.e. in the 62–117km/h range, they are referred to as tropical storms.
Tropical cyclones quickly get weaker inland, which is primarily due to friction with the earth's surface and the reduced energy input from water vapour.
Nevertheless, as the huge masses of water taken up over the warm sea usually fall as rain on the windward side of mountains, this may result in extreme floods and landslides even far inland.
how do cyclones form?
Low-pressure system forms
Cyclones derive their energy from the evaporation of warm surface water. In the eyewall, as the band of clouds surrounding the eye of the cyclone is known, warm air rises. This is where maximum condensation of water vapour occurs, creating massive thunderclouds and heavy rain.
From cyclone to hurricane
Air masses cool down and sink outside the eyewall and in the eye of the cyclone. Meanwhile, more heat and moisture is taken on by cooler air at the sea surface, and this rises upwards, further fuelling the atmospheric heat engine.
Formidable forces rage in the eyewall
Due to the earth’s rotation, the airflows at the centre of the cyclone are deflected, creating a vortex. The eye of a weak cyclone can attain a diameter of above 200 km. With increasing intensity the eye contracts. The eyewall, where the most damaging winds are found, is what constitutes the destructive element.
SUPERCYCLONE
The severe cyclonic storm 'Phailin' over the Bay of Bengal has gained strength, and intensified further, officials said Friday as it moved towards Odisha and Andhra Pradesh coast.