Question

How did France become a constitutional monarch& explain how the new political system works

Answer 1

After the French Revolt of 1789 the third estate (i.e. the common people) sat in the tennis courts of the palace of Versailles and declared themselves as the General Assembly. They formulated the Constitution and declared france a Constitutional monarched nation with Louis XVI as it's head.

After the era of Napoleon from 1803 to 1815 the monarchy was brought back. After Napoleons defeat the winning party assembled ar Vienna in 1815 to draw conclusions for Europe. By this Monarchy under the Bourbon Kings was reestablished in France but after Revolt of 1830 (if I'm correct) the prices of bread sky rocketed and people came to Revolt and king was forced to flee Hence Constitution was established again