Question

how did geography favour the sprad of islamic empire
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Answer 1

Islam came to the Southeast Asia, first by the way of Muslim traders along the main trade-route between Asia and the Far East, then was further spread by Sufi orders and finally consolidated by the expansion of the territories of converted rulers and their communities

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Answer 2

Islam spread both via conquests and via the peaceful adoption of the doctrine. ... We propose that these principles emerged and persisted in Islam because of ageography characterized by highly unequal agricultural endowments, which shaped the economic aspects of theIslamic religious doctrine.

Islam spread successfully among groups historically located in agriculturally poor regions featuring few pockets of fertile land and in countries characterized by unequal land endowments. It was in these areas that the Islamic institutional arrangement proved appealing to the indigenous populations.

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