How did Indian industries developed in 19 and 20th century.Explain
Answers
(ii) The cotton mills started to produce coarse cotton yarn and this was exported to China.
(iii) As Swadeshi Movement gathered momentum, industrialist pressurized the government to increase tariff protection.
(iv) Exports to China declined and domestic markets were taken over by China.
(v) During the First World War, the British Government called upon the Indian mills to produce goods such as jute bags, boots, etc., for the British Army.
(vi) As the war prolonged, England could not capture the Indian markets.
The coal-mining industry employed nearly one lakh of persons in 1906. Other mechanical industries which developed during the second half of the nineteenth and the beginning of the twentieth century's were cotton gins and presses, rice, flour and timber mills, leather tanneries, woolen textiles, sugar mills, iron and steel works, and such mineral industries as salt, mica and saltpeter.
Cement, paper, matches, sugar and glass industries developed during the 1930s. But all these industries had a very stunted growth.
Most of the modern Indian industries were owned or controlled by British capital. Foreign capitalists were attracted to Indian industry by the prospect of high profit. Labour was extremely cheap; raw materials were readily and cheaply available; and for many goods, India and its neighbours provided a ready market.