how did Kolkata develop into an important town
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Kolkata’s recorded history began in 1690 with the arrival of the British East India Company, which was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. Job Charnock, an administrator who worked for the company, was formerly credited as the founder of the city (this idea has been rejected by Calcutta High Court).
The area occupied by the present-day city encompassed three villages: Kalikata, Gobindapur, and Sutanuti.
Kalikata was a fishing village while Sutanuti was a riverside weavers’ village. They were part of an estate belonging to the Mughal emperor. The jagirdari (a land grant bestowed by a king on his noblemen) taxation rights to the villages were held by the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family of landowners, or zamindars. These rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698.
In 1712, the British completed the construction of Fort William, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River to protect their trading factory.
The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, condemned the militarisation and tax evasion by the company. His warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked (1756); he captured Fort William which led to the killings of several East India company officials in the Black Hole Tragedy of Calcutta.
A force of Company soldiers and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year, after the Battle of Plassey (1757).
As per the Treaty of Allahabad (1765)following the Battle of Buxar, East India company was appointed imperial tax collector of the Mughal emperor in the province of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, while Mughal-appointed Nawabs continued to rule the province - only in name. They were British puppets.
Declared a presidency city, Calcutta became the headquarters of the East India Company by 1772.
In 1793, ruling power of the Nawabs were abolished and East India company took complete control of the city and the province. Richard Wellesley, Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William, between 1797 and 1805, was largely responsible for the development of the city and its public architecture.
Throughout the late 18th and 19th century, the city was a centre of the East India Company’s trade & commerce.
By the 1850s, Calcutta had two areas: White Town, which was primarily British and centred on Chowringhee and Dalhousie Square; and Black Town, mainly Indian and centred on North Calcutta.
The city underwent rapid industrial growth starting in the early 1850s, especially in the textile and jute industries; this encouraged British companies to massively invest in infrastructure projects, which included telegraph connections and Howrah railway station. The coalescence of British and Indian culture resulted in the emergence of a new babu class of urbane Indians, whose members were often bureaucrats, professionals, newspaper readers, and Anglophiles; they usually belonged to upper-caste Hindu communities.
In the 19th century, the Bengal Renaissancebrought about an increased sociocultural sophistication among city denizens.
This is how, from a small, obscure village, Calcutta transformed into the British capital & the largest city of India during the British time
The area occupied by the present-day city encompassed three villages: Kalikata, Gobindapur, and Sutanuti.
Kalikata was a fishing village while Sutanuti was a riverside weavers’ village. They were part of an estate belonging to the Mughal emperor. The jagirdari (a land grant bestowed by a king on his noblemen) taxation rights to the villages were held by the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family of landowners, or zamindars. These rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698.
In 1712, the British completed the construction of Fort William, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River to protect their trading factory.
The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, condemned the militarisation and tax evasion by the company. His warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked (1756); he captured Fort William which led to the killings of several East India company officials in the Black Hole Tragedy of Calcutta.
A force of Company soldiers and British troops led by Robert Clive recaptured the city the following year, after the Battle of Plassey (1757).
As per the Treaty of Allahabad (1765)following the Battle of Buxar, East India company was appointed imperial tax collector of the Mughal emperor in the province of Bengal, Bihar and Orissa, while Mughal-appointed Nawabs continued to rule the province - only in name. They were British puppets.
Declared a presidency city, Calcutta became the headquarters of the East India Company by 1772.
In 1793, ruling power of the Nawabs were abolished and East India company took complete control of the city and the province. Richard Wellesley, Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William, between 1797 and 1805, was largely responsible for the development of the city and its public architecture.
Throughout the late 18th and 19th century, the city was a centre of the East India Company’s trade & commerce.
By the 1850s, Calcutta had two areas: White Town, which was primarily British and centred on Chowringhee and Dalhousie Square; and Black Town, mainly Indian and centred on North Calcutta.
The city underwent rapid industrial growth starting in the early 1850s, especially in the textile and jute industries; this encouraged British companies to massively invest in infrastructure projects, which included telegraph connections and Howrah railway station. The coalescence of British and Indian culture resulted in the emergence of a new babu class of urbane Indians, whose members were often bureaucrats, professionals, newspaper readers, and Anglophiles; they usually belonged to upper-caste Hindu communities.
In the 19th century, the Bengal Renaissancebrought about an increased sociocultural sophistication among city denizens.
This is how, from a small, obscure village, Calcutta transformed into the British capital & the largest city of India during the British time
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Kolkata’s recorded history began in 1690 with the arrival of the British East India Company, which was consolidating its trade business in Bengal. Job Charnock, an administrator who worked for the company, was formerly credited as the founder of the city (this idea has been rejected by Calcutta High Court).
The area occupied by the present-day city encompassed three villages: Kalikata, Gobindapur, and Sutanuti.
Kalikata was a fishing village while Sutanuti was a riverside weavers’ village. They were part of an estate belonging to the Mughal emperor. The jagirdari (a land grant bestowed by a king on his noblemen) taxation rights to the villages were held by the Sabarna Roy Choudhury family of landowners, or zamindars. These rights were transferred to the East India Company in 1698.
In 1712, the British completed the construction of Fort William, located on the east bank of the Hooghly River to protect their trading factory.
The Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, condemned the militarisation and tax evasion by the company. His warning went unheeded, and the Nawab attacked (1756); he captured Fort William which led to the killings of several East India company officials in the Black Hole Tragedy of Calcutta.In 1793, ruling power of the Nawabs were abolished and East India company took complete control of the city and the province. Richard Wellesley, Governor-General of the Presidency of Fort William, between 1797 and 1805, was largely responsible for the development of the city and its public architecture.
Throughout the late 18th and 19th century, the city was a centre of the East India Company’s trade & commerce.
By the 1850s, Calcutta had two areas: White Town, which was primarily British and centred on Chowringhee and Dalhousie Square; and Black Town, mainly Indian and centred on North Calcutta.
The city underwent rapid industrial growth starting in the early 1850s, especially in the textile and jute industries; this encouraged British companies to massively invest in infrastructure projects, which included telegraph connections and Howrah railway station. The coalescence of British and Indian culture resulted in the emergence of a new babuclass of urbane Indians, whose members were often bureaucrats, professionals, newspaper readers, and Anglophiles; they usually belonged to upper-caste Hindu communities.
In the 19th century, the Bengal Renaissancebrought about an increased sociocultural sophistication among city denizens.
This is how, from a small, obscure village, Calcutta transformed into the British capital & the largest city of India during the British time.1690 August, Job Charnok, an agent of East India Company (established 1600) settles in Calcutta. 1698 East India Co. bought three villages (Sutanuti, Kolkata, Gobindapur ) from local landlord Sabarna Chowdhury. 1699 East India Company started developing Calcutta as a Presidency city.
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