How did print bring reading public and hearing public closer
Answers
Access to books created a new culture of reading.
Now books could reach out to wider sections of people.
Even those who disagreed with established authorities could now print and circulate their ideas.
Through the printed message, they could persuade people to think differently, and move them to action.
Many journals began carrying writings by women, and explained why women should be educated.
They also carried a syllabus and attached suitable reading matter which could be used for home-based schooling.
Novels had already created a great interest in women's lives and emotions, there was also an interest in what women would have to say about their own lives.
In the early twentieth century, journals, written for and sometimes edited by women were popularised.
Primary education became compulsory from the late nineteenth century, children became an important category of readers.
Production of school textbooks became critical for the publishing industry. A children's press, devoted to literature for children alone, was set up in France in 1857. This press published new works as well as old fairy tales and folk tales.
The Grimm Brothers in Germany spent years compiling traditional folk tales gathered from peasants.
They collected edited stories published in a collection in 1812.
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Explanation:
With the printing press, a new reading public emerged.
(i) Printing reduced the cost of books.
(ii) The time and labor to produce each book came down. Multiple copies could be produced easily.
(iii) Books flooded the market, reaching out to an ever-growing readership.
(iv) Common people could not read books earlier, only the elite could. Common people heard a story or saw a performance collectively.
(v) The rate of literacy was low in European countries too, so publishers reached out to people by making them listen to books being read out.
(vi) Printers published popular ballads and folktales, profusely illustrated. These were then sung and recited at village gatherings in taverns in towns. Oral culture thus entered print and printed material was orally transmitted. Hearing and reading public, thus became one.
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