How did Russia's participation in the first world war kept creating conditions for The Fall of the Russian autocracy?
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Answers
First of all, the beginning of the 20th century was deadly for the Russian army after the war against Japan in 1904. At the same time, there was severe malcontent among the Russian people. The revolution did not happen in one year but across several years. People were hungry and restless and beginning to challenge the tsar’s decisions. He was not a bad man but was totally insulated from the growing social bitterness. Perhaps he spent too much time in Livadia (Yalta) or on his yacht “The Standard”. It seems that the Russian Imperial family were not aware that the times were changing. After 1909, the Duma was created in order to diminish the tsarist powers. In 1912, all the way to 1916 street manifestations continued. Many innocent people were shot, killed by the tsar’s guard. Then the murderous Great War of 1914–1918 broke out. The Russian soldiers were butchered by German forces. Morale was very low and many refused to continue fighting. The Russian army was very large but not well equipped. They were no match for the well trained German army. The only person in the Imperial family who was very concerned and aware of the turn of events was Olga Nicholaevna Romanova, the tsar’s eldest daughter who read newspapers every day. The Empress Alexandra, heavily influenced by a monk called Rasputin had become extremely unpopular but nobody seemed to notice the general change of mood. The family was quite isolated even though Alexandra created a nursing school and hospitals in the Catherine the Great and the Alexander palaces. Olga and Tatiana, the eldest daughters became nurses and attended to the injured. They lost their adolescent years confronted by amputations, operations and the horrific wounds of the men at war. This contributed to worries and depression in the Imperial family. The tsar went to the front but the situation had become desperate, while street protests became more intense. The Duma asked the tsar to abdicate and he did at the end of 1916. The Imperial Family were put on house arrest and eventually transferred to the Ipatiev House in Siberia. On the night of July 17–18 1917, the entire family and their servants included Dr. Botkin, the tsarevith’s doctor were all massacred in an even more isolated town in Central Siberia. The orders were given by Lenin who had become a mighty figure in the revolution of 1916 on. It did not help that the Empress was of German origins and popular anger turned against her. The death of the tsar was followed by the creation of the Soviet Union.