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Sonia Gandhi (About this soundpronunciation (help·info)) (née Maino; born 9 December 1946) is an Indian politician. She is the president of the Indian National Congress, the left-of-centre political party, which has governed India for most of its post-independence history. She took over as the party leader in 1998, seven years after the assassination of her husband, Rajiv Gandhi, a former Prime Minister of India, and remained in office for twenty-two years.[a]
Sonia Gandhi
Sonia Gandhi (cropped).jpg
President of the Indian National Congress
Incumbent
Assumed office
10 August 2019
Preceded by
Rahul Gandhi
In office
14 March 1998 – 16 December 2017
Preceded by
Sitaram Kesri
Succeeded by
Rahul Gandhi
Chair of the United Progressive Alliance
Incumbent
Assumed office
6 May 2004
Preceded by
Office established
Chair of the National Advisory Council
In office
29 March 2010 – 25 May 2014
Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh
Preceded by
Office established
Succeeded by
Position abolished
In office
4 June 2004 – 23 March 2006
Prime Minister
Manmohan Singh
Preceded by
Office established
Succeeded by
Position abolished
Leader of the Opposition
In office
19 March 1998 – 22 May 2004
Preceded by
Sharad Pawar
Succeeded by
L. K. Advani
Member of Parliament, Lok Sabha
Incumbent
Assumed office
2004
Preceded by
Satish Sharma
Constituency
Rae Bareli
In office
10 October 1999 – 17 May 2004
Preceded by
Sanjay Singh
Succeeded by
Rahul Gandhi
Constituency
Amethi
Personal details
Born
Sonia Maino
9 December 1946 (age 73)
Lusiana, Veneto, Italy
Citizenship
Italy (1946–1983)
India (1983–present)
Political party
Indian National Congress
Spouse(s)
Rajiv Gandhi
(m. 1968; died 1991)
Relations
See Nehru–Gandhi family
Children
Rahul GandhiPriyanka Gandhi
Residence
10 Janpath, New Delhi
Alma mater
Bell Educational Trust
Net worth
Indian Rupee 11,82,63,916[1]
Signature
Born in a small village near Vicenza, Italy, Gandhi was raised in a Roman Catholic family. After completing her primary education at local schools, she moved for language classes to Cambridge, England, where she met Rajiv Gandhi, and later married him in 1968. She then moved to India and started living with her mother-in-law, the then-Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi, at the latter's New Delhi residence. Sonia Gandhi, however, kept away from the public sphere, even during the years of her husband's premiership.
Following her husband's assassination, Gandhi was invited by Congress leaders to lead the party, but she declined. She agreed to join politics in 1997 after much pleading from the party; the following year, she was nominated for party president, and elected over Jitendra Prasada.[b] Under her leadership, the Congress went on to form the government post the 2004 elections in coalition with other centre-left political parties. Gandhi has since been credited for being instrumental in formulating the United Progressive Alliance (UPA), which was re-elected to power in 2009. Gandhi declined the premiership following the 2004 victory; she instead led the ruling alliance and the National Advisory Council.[c]
Over the course of her career, Gandhi presided over the advisory councils credited for the formation and subsequent implementation of such rights-based development and welfare schemes as the right to information, Food security bill, and MNREGA, as she drew criticism related to the Bofors scandal and the National Herald Case. Her foreign birth has also been a subject of much debate and controversy.[d] Gandhi's active participation in politics began to reduce during the latter half of the UPA government's second term owing to health concerns. She stepped down as the Congress president in December 2017, but returned to lead the party in August 2019. Although she never held any public office in the government of India, Gandhi has been widely described as one of the most powerful politicians in the country, and is often listed among the most powerful women in the world.[e]