how did the British policies affact the ruling families
Answers
here is ur answer.......
☺
1. Disruption of the Traditional Economy:
The economic policies followed by the British led to the rapid transformation of India’s economy into a colonial economy whose nature and structure were determined by the needs of the British economy. In this respect the British conquest of India differed from all previous foreign conquests.
2. Ruin of Artisans and Craftsmen:
There was a sudden and quick collapse of the urban handicrafts industry which had for centuries made India’s name a byword in the markets of the entire civilized world. This collapse was caused largely by competition with the cheaper imported machine made goods from Britain.
3. Impoverishment of the Peasantry:
The peasant was also progressively impoverished under British rule. Although he was now free from internal wars, his material condition deteriorated and he steadily sank into poverty.
4. Ruin of Old Zamindars and Rise of New Landlordism:
The first few decades of British rule witnessed the ruin of most of the old zamindars in Bengal and Madras. This was particularly so with Warren Hastings’ policy of auctioning the rights of revenue collection to the highest bidders. The Permanent Settlement of 1793 also had a similar effect in the beginning.
5. Stagnation and Deterioration of Agriculture:
As a result of overcrowding in agriculture, excessive land revenue demand, growth of landlordism, increasing indebtedness and the growing impoverishment of cultivators, Indian agriculture began to stagnate and even deteriorate resulting in extremely low yields per acre. Overall agricultural production fell by 14 per cent between 1901 and 1939
6. Development of Modern Industries:
An important development in the second half of the nineteenth century was the establishment of large-scale machine-based industries in India. The machine age in India began when cotton textile, jute and coal-mining industries were started in the 1850s. The first textile mill was started in Bombay by Cowasjee Nanabhoy in 1853, and the first jute mill in Rishra (Bengal) in 1855.
7. Poverty and Famines:
A major characteristic of British rule in India, and the net result of British economic policies, was the prevalence of extreme poverty among its people. While historians disagree on the question whether India was getting poorer or not under British rule, there is no disagreement on the fact that throughout the period of British rule most Indians always lived on the verge of starvation.
hope answer will be helpful to u.....
plz mark it as brainalist one...
Answer:
Nawabs Lose Their Power
Since the mid-18th century, nawabs and rajas had gradually lost their power and authority; the Company and the British government reduced their freedom, disbanded their armed forces, and took away their tax revenues and territories.
Many ruling families, such as Rani Lakshmibai of Jhansi tried to negotiate with the Company to protect their interests, but they were mostly defeated and murdered.
The Company also took several measures to formally bring an end to the Mughal dynasty:
The name of the Mughal king was removed from the coins minted by the Company.
In 1849, it was announced that after the death of Bahadur Shah Zafar, the family of the king would be shifted out of the Red Fort, the official residence of the Mughal emperor of India, and given another place in Delhi to reside in.
In 1856, Governor-General Canning decided that Bahadur Shah Zafar would be the last Mughal king, and after his death, his descendants would be called princes, not kings.
The Peasants and the Sepoys
Peasants and zamindars resented the Company's high taxes and the rigid methods of revenue collection.
Indian sepoys in the Company's armies were unhappy about their pay, allowances, and condition of work.
In 1856, the Company passed a new law which stated that every new person who took up employment in the Company’s army had to agree to serve overseas if required. Such policies violated the religious and traditional sentiments of the sepoys.
Responses to Reforms
Although some reforms introduced by the British were good and even essential, the general response to the changes the British brought about in the Indian society was not very positive.
The British passed laws to stop the practice of sati (burning of widowed women), to encourage the remarriage of widows, and to actively promote education using English as the medium of instruction
A new law was passed in 1850 to make conversion to Christianity easier.
Although many Indians want to change their unhealthy social practices, they also felt that the British were harming and destroying their religion and social customs and heritage.
Explanation: